wifi: กันยายน 2008

วันอังคาร, กันยายน 30, 2008

The Merging of Humans and Computers

Soon the human brain will be completely interfaced with the computer. The benefit to mankind will be truly significant. The truth is that Arthur C Clark in his short stories talked about groups of people being connected in real time by neuron transmitting devises below the skin. You might even have all the world's knowledge and latest research all in a chip connected to your brain. Today we see the beginnings of this with teens with cell phones and PDA devices used in Flash Mobs. Such a computer, communication, brain interface would be the next logical step as SciFi meets Moore's Law and MIT completes their latest Media Lab exploit of Nano tech gone wild.The communication device would be in real time, the "Internet in your head" so you can only imagine the opportunities, business and communication at the Speed of Thought. Instead of trading MP3 Player music on the Internet, you would be trading experiences in 4D, and thought using Nano-Tech computer, which interfaces with the enhanced brain. You could do real-time research with members of certain groups across the ocean and when someone made a discovery, the time to write the white paper or peer review would be instantaneous.Thus cutting down the research time to next to zero. If you read certain books such as Prescription to the Future; and The 500 year Delta, Futurists book reviews and others working on these issues you can see where we are headed. Some are worried about this but I am rather intrigued on the possibilities for the betterment of mankind. Will computers be smarter than humans? Computers and humans will be one in this case, so we will be equal. Instead of the preverbal file swapping or file sharing, you will be thought swapping. The future is closer than you think, have you considered this?"Lance Winslow" - If you have innovative thoughts and unique perspectives, come think with Lance; <a target="_new" href="http://www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs">www.WorldThinkTank.net/wttbbs</a>

The Importance of Ergonomic Products

Interestingly, ergonomics though sounds to be a modern and trendy phenomenon, its principles are based on primitive life style. It is a known fact that earlier generations did not have to face a whole lot of medical complications that our generation is facing. Some of the factors that contribute to these medical complications are associated with our poor work conditions and our unhealthy life style which our forefathers and mothers instinctively avoided. We are running short of that life saving instinct. They knew how and how not an action is to be performed, when and when not something can be done easily. They were attuned to nature and to their own bodily nature. They were sensitive to the bodily cues and were able to modify their actions and hence lead a healthy life.However there is a wide new awakening in this area in the form of Ergonomics. The word Ergonomics finds its root in Greek. "Ergon" in Greek means work and "nomoi" means law or rule. So ergonomics means law of work. Ergonomics is a branch of science that deals with the design of objects, systems and environment. Though can be mislead by the etymological meaning of the word, it is not limited to work but generally physical actions including sports and leisure activities of human beings. Ergonomics is not a stand-alone branch of science like many other branches science. Ergonomics relies on the principles of many other branches of science including, psychology of human beings, anatomy and physiology and also on results of cultural studies. Ergonomics seeks to produce a job environment that will help people to operate in their optimum levels and increase efficiency by increasing comfort in work and reducing fatigue. For example, a 6 feet tall individual cannot be comfortable in a low car where he or she has to place himself or herself in unnatural bodily postures that will result in fatigue that would even undermine the safety measures. This means that a car has to be designed to accommodate a six feet tall individual to drive comfortably without straining oneself.Studies have proved that ergonomically designed products reduce stress at work places. This applies especially to people who work in the IT industry. Many psychological disorders have been associated with people who work in poor IT environments. This has lead to an in depth study on how to reduce the anomalies, which in turn has lead to the booming market of ergonomically designed IT products. Some of the computer accessories that are designed using ergonomic principles include, vertical mouse, ergonomic keyboard, adjustable computer furniture and the list extends.While it is good to choose ergonomically designed products for your use, you have to be careful in choosing a genuine product. Because, there are lot of products that markup their price at an exorbitant rates in the name of ergonomic products. It may not be necessarily so ? ergonomic product need not necessarily look too different from the one's that are already in use. We often wrongly associate ergonomic products with fancy looking products on which the product manufacturers thrive.For some the best ergonomic products in the market today you can visit the dedicated e-store at <a target="_new" href="http://www.ergo-items.com">http://www.ergo-items.com</a>. <a target="_new" href="http://www.ergo-items.com">Ergonomic computer products</a> for the office including ergonomic keyboards, ergo arm-rest, ergo mouse-cursor support, ergo stickers. The website also has many Computer safety ergonomic products for the workstation.

Adding Serial Ports to a Computer with Only USB Ports

So you bought a new computer but you don't have serial ports?It's surprisingly common these days - you find an awesome machine that does everything you want it to do, but then you get home and find out that amongst the lightning-fast processor and terabyte hard drive, you're missing something - a serial port.Most laptop manufacturers have killed RS-232In an effort to enforce newer standards, such as USB and FireWire, many laptop manufacturers have let serial ports fall by the wayside. They don't take into account the millions of people and businesses that still require serial ports for one application or another.Add a true serial port with a USB adapterYou can use a <a target="_new" href="http://www.sewelldirect.com/USBtoSerial.asp">USB to Serial Adapter</a> to easily and quickly add a serial port to your laptop. The nice thing about the adapter is that you can use multiple adapters on one machine (using a hub or an add-on card) and dynamically set the COM assignment.Various serial devices requiring some type of serial portMany PDA's, GPS units, routers, printers, fax machines, etc. still require serial ports. A lot of these devices are moving to newer standards, most notably USB, but many still operate on legacy technologies (serial or parallel) because of the difficulty in rewriting drivers for the newer standards.Preston Wily is the Director of Marketing for <a target="_new" href="http://www.sewelldirect.com">Sewell Direct</a>, a retailer of hard-to-find computer hardware and accessories.

Routing, Routed, and Non-Routable Protocols

ROUTING PROTOCOLSA generic term that refers to a formula, or protocol, used by a router to determine the appropriate path over which data is transmitted. The routing protocol also specifies how routers in a network share information with each other and report changes. The routing protocol enables a network to make dynamic adjustments to its conditions, so routing decisions do not have to be predetermined and static.Routing, Routed and Non-Routable ProtocolsROUTING | ROUTED | NON-ROUTABLEROUTING PROTOCOLSROUTING PROTOCOLS are the software that allow routers to dynamically advertise and learn routes, determine which routes are available and which are the most efficient routes to a destination. Routing protocols used by the Internet Protocol suite include:? Routing Information Protocol (RIP and RIP II). ? Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). ? Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS). ? Interrior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). ? Cisco's Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). ? Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Routing is the process of moving data across two or more networks. Within a network, all hosts are directly accessable because they are on the sameROUTED PROTOCOLSROUTED PROTOCOLS are nothing more than data being transported across the networks. Routed protocols include:? Internet Protocol o Telnet o Remote Procedure Call (RPC) o SNMP o SMTP ? Novell IPX ? Open Standards Institute networking protocol ? DECnet ? Appletalk ? Banyan Vines ? Xerox Network System (XNS)Outside a network, specialized devices called ROUTES are used to perform the routing process of forwarding packets between networks. Routers are connected to the edges of two or more networks to provide connectivity between them. These devices are usually dedicated machines with specialized hardware and software to speed up the routing process. These devices send and receive routing information to each other about networks that they can and cannot reach. Routers examine all routes to a destination, determine which routes have the best metric, and insert one or more routes into the IP routing table on the router. By maintaining a current list of known routes, routers can quicky and efficiently send your information on it's way when received.There are many companies that produce routers: Cisco, Juniper, Bay, Nortel, 3Com, Cabletron, etc. Each company's product is different in how it is configured, but most will interoperate so long as they share common physical and data link layer protocols (Cisco HDLC or PPP over Serial, Ethernet etc.). Before purchasing a router for your business, always check with your Internet provider to see what equipment they use, and choose a router, which will interoperate with your Internet provider's equipment.NON-ROUTABLE PROTOCOLSNON-ROUTABLE PROTOCOLS cannot survive being routed. Non-routable protocols presume that all computers they will ever communicate with are on the same network (to get them working in a routed environment, you must bridge the networks). Todays modern networks are not very tolerant of protocols that do not understand the concept of a multi-segment network and most of these protocols are dying or falling out of use.? NetBEUI ? DLC ? LAT ? DRP ? MOPRIP (Routing Information Protocol)RIP is a dynamic internetwork routing protocol primary used in interior routing environments. A dynamic routing protocol, as opposed to a static routing protocol, automatically discovers routes and builds routing tables. Interior environments are typically private networks (autonomous systems). In contrast, exterior routing protocols such as BGP are used to exchange route summaries between autonomous systems. BGP is used among autonomous systems on the Internet.RIP uses the distance-vector algorithm developed by Bellman and Ford (Bellman-Ford algorithm).Routing Information ProtocolBackgroundThe Routing Information Protocol, or RIP, as it is more commonly called, is one of the most enduring of all routing protocols. RIP is also one of the more easily confused protocols because a variety of RIP-like routing protocols proliferated, some of which even used the same name! RIP and the myriad RIP-like protocols were based on the same set of algorithms that use distance vectors to mathematically compare routes to identify the best path to any given destination address. These algorithms emerged from academic research that dates back to 1957.Today's open standard version of RIP, sometimes referred to as IP RIP, is formally defined in two documents: Request For Comments (RFC) 1058 and Internet Standard (STD) 56. As IP-based networks became both more numerous and greater in size, it became apparent to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that RIP needed to be updated. Consequently, the IETF released RFC 1388 in January 1993, which was then superceded in November 1994 by RFC 1723, which describes RIP 2 (the second version of RIP). These RFCs described an extension of RIP's capabilities but did not attempt to obsolete the previous version of RIP. RIP 2 enabled RIP messages to carry more information, which permitted the use of a simple authentication mechanism to secure table updates. More importantly, RIP 2 supported subnet masks, a critical feature that was not available in RIP.This chapter summarizes the basic capabilities and features associated with RIP. Topics include the routing update process, RIP routing metrics, routing stability, and routing timers.Routing UpdatesRIP sends routing-update messages at regular intervals and when the network topology changes. When a router receives a routing update that includes changes to an entry, it updates its routing table to reflect the new route. The metric value for the path is increased by 1, and the sender is indicated as the next hop. RIP routers maintain only the best route (the route with the lowest metric value) to a destination. After updating its routing table, the router immediately begins transmitting routing updates to inform other network routers of the change. These updates are sent independently of the regularly scheduled updates that RIP routers send.RIP Routing MetricRIP uses a single routing metric (hop count) to measure the distance between the source and a destination network. Each hop in a path from source to destination is assigned a hop count value, which is typically 1. When a router receives a routing update that contains a new or changed destination network entry, the router adds 1 to the metric value indicated in the update and enters the network in the routing table. The IP address of the sender is used as the next hop.RIP Stability FeaturesRIP prevents routing loops from continuing indefinitely by implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in a path from the source to a destination. The maximum number of hops in a path is 15. If a router receives a routing update that contains a new or changed entry, and if increasing the metric value by 1 causes the metric to be infinity (that is, 16), the network destination is considered unreachable. The downside of this stability feature is that it limits the maximum diameter of a RIP network to less than 16 hops.RIP includes a number of other stability features that are common to many routing protocols. These features are designed to provide stability despite potentially rapid changes in a network's topology. For example, RIP implements the split horizon and holddown mechanisms to prevent incorrect routing information from being propagated.RIP TimersRIP uses numerous timers to regulate its performance. These include a routing-update timer, a route-timeout timer, and a route-flush timer. The routing-update timer clocks the interval between periodic routing updates. Generally, it is set to 30 seconds, with a small random amount of time added whenever the timer is reset. This is done to help prevent congestion, which could result from all routers simultaneously attempting to update their neighbors. Each routing table entry has a route-timeout timer associated with it. When the route-timeout timer expires, the route is marked invalid but is retained in the table until the route-flush timer expires.Packet Formats The following section focuses on the IP RIP and IP RIP 2 packet formats illustrated in Figures 44-1 and 44-2. Each illustration is followed by descriptions of the fields illustrated. RIP Packet Format? Command—Indicates whether the packet is a request or a response. The request asks that a router send all or part of its routing table. The response can be an unsolicited regular routing update or a reply to a request. Responses contain routing table entries. Multiple RIP packets are used to convey information from large routing tables.? Version number—Specifies the RIP version used. This field can signal different potentially incompatible versions.? Zero—This field is not actually used by RFC 1058 RIP; it was added solely to provide backward compatibility with prestandard varieties of RIP. Its name comes from its defaulted value: zero.? Address-family identifier (AFI)—Specifies the address family used. RIP is designed to carry routing information for several different protocols. Each entry has an address-family identifier to indicate the type of address being specified. The AFI for IP is 2.? Address—Specifies the IP address for the entry.? Metric—Indicates how many internetwork hops (routers) have been traversed in the trip to the destination. This value is between 1 and 15 for a valid route, or 16 for an unreachable route.Note: Up to 25 occurrences of the AFI, Address, and Metric fields are permitted in a single IP RIP packet. (Up to 25 destinations can be listed in a single RIP packet.)RIP 2 Packet Format? Command—Indicates whether the packet is a request or a response. The request asks that a router send all or a part of its routing table. The response can be an unsolicited regular routing update or a reply to a request. Responses contain routing table entries. Multiple RIP packets are used to convey information from large routing tables.? Version—Specifies the RIP version used. In a RIP packet implementing any of the RIP 2 fields or using authentication, this value is set to 2.? Unused—Has a value set to zero.? Address-family identifier (AFI)—Specifies the address family used. RIPv2's AFI field functions identically to RFC 1058 RIP's AFI field, with one exception: If the AFI for the first entry in the message is 0xFFFF, the remainder of the entry contains authentication information. Currently, the only authentication type is simple password.? Route tag—Provides a method for distinguishing between internal routes (learned by RIP) and external routes (learned from other protocols).? IP address—Specifies the IP address for the entry.? Subnet mask—Contains the subnet mask for the entry. If this field is zero, no subnet mask has been specified for the entry.?Next hop—Indicates the IP address of the next hop to which packets for the entry should be forwarded.? Metric—Indicates how many internetwork hops (routers) have been traversed in the trip to the destination. This value is between 1 and 15 for a valid route, or 16 for an unreachable route.Note: Up to 25 occurrences of the AFI, Address, and Metric fields are permitted in a single IP RIP packet. That is, up to 25 routing table entries can be listed in a single RIP packet. If the AFI specifies an authenticated message, only 24 routing table entries can be specified. Given that individual table entries aren't fragmented into multiple packets, RIP does not need a mechanism to resequence datagrams bearing routing table updates from neighboring routers.SummaryDespite RIP's age and the emergence of more sophisticated routing protocols, it is far from obsolete. RIP is mature, stable, widely supported, and easy to configure. Its simplicity is well suited for use in stub networks and in small autonomous systems that do not have enough redundant paths to warrant the overheads of a more sophisticated protocol.Review QuestionsQ—Name RIP's various stability features. A—RIP has numerous stability features, the most obvious of which is RIP's maximum hop count. By placing a finite limit on the number of hops that a route can take, routing loops are discouraged, if not completely eliminated. Other stability features include its various timing mechanisms that help ensure that the routing table contains only valid routes, as well as split horizon and holddown mechanisms that prevent incorrect routing information from being disseminated throughout the network.Q—What is the purpose of the timeout timer? A—The timeout timer is used to help purge invalid routes from a RIP node. Routes that aren't refreshed for a given period of time are likely invalid because of some change in the network. Thus, RIP maintains a timeout timer for each known route. When a route's timeout timer expires, the route is marked invalid but is retained in the table until the route-flush timer expires.Q—What two capabilities are supported by RIP 2 but not RIP? A—RIP 2 enables the use of a simple authentication mechanism to secure table updates. More importantly, RIP 2 supports subnet masks, a critical feature that is not available in RIP.Q—What is the maximum network diameter of a RIP network? A—A RIP network's maximum diameter is 15 hops. RIP can count to 16, but that value is considered an error condition rather than a valid hop count.This article is submitted by Kashif Raza <a target="_new" href="http://www.networkingtutorials.net">http://www.networkingtutorials.net</a>

วันจันทร์, กันยายน 29, 2008

Three Must Have Accessories For Notebook Computers

An Optical MouseNotebooks are normally equipped with touch pads which can be awkward. There's no substitute for the mouse. Notebooks are predominantly used on a static, flat surface. With wireless broadband hotspots mushrooming all over the nation's transit locations, table tops have become as much mobile computing desktops as surfaces on which lattes sit. The touch pads on notebooks are also rather vulnerable to damage by static electricity, which is a common occurrence in aircraft cabins, carpeted airport lounges and offices and will become a big problem when you're on the road and lose the function of your primary pointing device.A good optical mouse, be it wired or wireless must be able to track movement on varying tabletop surfaces. Optical mice traditionally had problems with glossy, transparent, or light-colored surfaces, but technology has advanced to a level that these problems are almost non-existent. Although wireless mice are the trend these days, stick to a wired optical mouse by virtue that it does not require additional power or equipment to operate; as in batteries or receivers for wireless ones. You don't need extra equipment in your already-overloaded and heavy notebook bag!A Multi-Device Charger And Power Adapter ComboNotebooks do come with their own AC-to-DC power adapters, but notebook owners typically carry a cell phone, PDA and digital camera in addition to the notebook. It's almost impossible to carry the charging devices of all these things. Do yourself a favor by getting a multi-device charging/power adapter. Some of them even have the capability to simultaneously charge and power an additional gadget or two, giving you an extra benefit of keeping your most-used gadgets well charged up for action.Built-In Wireless (Wifi) Connectivity Or PC CardNotebook owners are generally mobile information warriors. It is almost impossible to ignore the wireless revolution going around; WiFi and soon, WiMAX Hotspots abound wherever you go. Instant access to the Internet's unlimited resources and communicative offerings are just a little electronic card away.If your notebook does not have built-in WiFi, get a PC card version which is often sold for less than $30 at computer stores. Plugging in a WiFi PC card means you can access the Web, read and send your emails, instant-message your colleagues,family,buddies, broadcast your vacation video/photos or company presentations, and retrieve company information on secure virtual private networks anywhere, anytime you are around a hotspot, in broadband speed.Lynn Chan helps new owners learn about proper notebook care and use. To learn more, visit <a target="_new" href="http://www.notebook-computer-infocenter.com">http://www.notebook-computer-infocenter.com</a>. For a limited time, get the free tutorial "5 Days To A Healthier Notebook Computer" at <a target="_new" href="http://www.notebook-computer-infocenter.com/5days-to-a-healthier-notebook.html">http://www.notebook-computer-infocenter.com/ 5days-to-a-healthier-notebook.html</a>

What is Blu-Ray DVD

Video technology has increased significantly over the past years, and is continuing to grow at an incredible rate. Digital Video Disc's aka DVD's are the most likely the last big jump in consumer video technology that everyone is familiar with. To keep up with the ever advancing world of electronics a new format of video storage will be released soon called Blu-ray.Blu-Ray is a next generation optical disc that will blow the socks off of what we all know today: DVD. Conventional DVD's use a red laser that have long wave lengths, which limits the storage capacity on a disc. Blu-Ray uses a blue laser which has much shorter wave lengths. Because the wave lengths on the Blu-Ray are much smaller it can focus on a spot with much greater precision, allowing for data to be packed much more tightly than the red laser DVD's.Blu-Ray discs can hold up to 50GB's of information which 10 times that of a 4.5GB DVD. 10 times the storage will greatly increase the amount of information that we can save on any one disc and will change the way we save information. Dual Layer Blu-Ray discs will be able to hold up to 4 hours of High-Definition Video. High Definition video is going to hit big here, Blu-Ray is an example of a technology that is going to make it happen. 50GB is probably comparable to size of many of our hard-drives, and to picture having all of that information on a small disc that we can slide into a pocket and take wherever we want is a bit scary.Expect to see Blu-Ray replacing DVD and VCR over the next few years, following along with the transition of video to High Definition Video. Video isn't the only thing that will benefit from Blu-Ray technology; I would expect that it will also become the standard for PC and other types of storage.--Feel free to reprint this article as long as you keep the following caption and author biography in tact with all hyperlinks.Ryan Fyfe is the owner and operator of <a target="_new" href="http://www.videos-area.com" target="_blank">Videos Area</a> Which is a great web directory and information center on Videos and video technology such as dvd and blu-ray.

Ink Cartridges - A Humble Beginning

Computers and their accompanying printers were huge years ago. In the past toner reservoirs and toner cartridges were used instead of ink cartridges like those used now. It was difficult to fill a toner cartridge and it was very messy.Toner cartridges were an improvement. Print wheels and ribbons were used in some printers. Computers are now more compact and the printers do more than just print in some cases. Printer cartridges now have self-contained reservoirs. Refilling some printer cartridges now is not as messy as adding toner was.Printer cartridges are available in two types. Primarily Hewlett-Packard and Epson printers used the first type the Piezo Electric. An applied electric current is put to a small crystal causing it to expand approximately every five microseconds (20,000 per second).The inkjet ink squirts out through the print heads very fast and very precisely because of this expansion. Because Piezo Electric has fewer print heads than bubble jet/thermal printers it can do more precise action and tends to last longer. Bubble jet cartridges heats the ink rapidly into a bubble and then squirts it through ink nozzles thousands of times per second.Bubble jet printers are less noisy than the Piezo based printers. You can expect really high resolution color printing from it. Inkjet has ink squirted through the nozzles as they move over a variety of media, not mega pixel method. Various colored liquid ink is squirted at the paper to create an image. The page gets scanned by the print head horizontally by a motor assembly that rolls the paper vertically.A strip of an image is printed and the paper moves toward the next step. It not only prints a strip across the page it also prints vertical rows of pixels in each pass for speed. There are a number of types of inkjet technology. Ink in small drops are squirted onto the paper through tiny nozzles in drop on demand (DOD).It resembles turning a hose off and on 5,000 times a second. How much ink is dropped on the page and which nozzle fires and when is controlled by the driver software program. The ink may smudge after printing is one problem with inkjet technology. With the development of new ink compositions, this is progressing.Ink is discharged onto the paper in the Thermal Technology of printing. This process has three stages. In stage one the squirt begins when the ink is heated to create a bubble. When the pressure is initiated the bubble breaks andThe resulting vacuum draws out the ink from the reservoir to replace what was ejected. Printers used to be costly because the print heads that would imprint the image on the paper was within the printer. Printers are cheap now but the expense comes when you need to buy cartridges.You could almost conclude it would almost be worth it to buy a new printer instead of the cartridges because the price of the cartridges can be more than the cost of the most basic inkjet printers.Though the current price of cartridges is expensive the complex technology they contain will end up being cheaper in the long run than it would be to continually replace printer heads.Now print heads are contained within the cartridges themselves. It's exciting because if you use the correct cartridges for your printer you could have it for a very long time. Color cartridges work the same way as black cartridges by squirting the ink through tiny nozzles onto the paper in horizontal strips while they move across the page.There are three individual reservoirs in color cartridges, one is filled with cyan, the other with magenta, and the other with yellow ink. The quality of the image can be influenced by a lot of things. The quality of the paper can affect the image you get. The image you get can be affected by both brightness and absorption of the ink.Brightness indicates the vividness of the print image and absorption is how effectively the paper absorbs the ink. When using an inkjet printer, it is best to use paper specifically designed for its use. The best possible image can be possible with the use of the proper paper.Things that can affect your printing project are display properties settings and/or printer settings. You may want to leave your documents alone to dry for awhile depending on the paper you use and your printer. Most printers have an ink saver setting that puts out less ink which will allow documents to dry faster. You should have knowledge of how your printer operates.About the Author Martin Smith is a successful freelance writer providing advice for consumers on purchasing a variety of <a target="_new" href="http://www.best-price-printer-cartridges.com/discount-ink-cartridges.html">Discount ink cartridges</a> which includes <a target="_new" href="http://www.best-price-printer-cartridges.com/cheap-ink-cartridge.html">Cheap ink cartridge</a>, if you have time drop by his site for some tips and information.

How to Add or Remove an IDE ROM drive

CD ROMS - If you're adding or removing an internal cd-rom, dvd-rom, or just about any internal ROM that has an opening CD door, read on. Almost all IDE devices such as CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, etc. including burners and dvd burners are all installed or removed in the same fashion. If you're removing your rom, first remove the scrues from both sides of the rom. Make sure both sides are removed or you won't be able to get the device out. Once the scrues are off, unplug the drive; both the IDE ribbon cable that goes to your mainboard and your power cable. You may also have another wire running from your cd-rom to your sound card. This wire enables sound to play from your rom drive to your sound card, so when you play a cd on your drive you can hear it. Yank all cables running to the drive, then remove it. Simple.To add a drive, first you must mount the drive in the correct position and remove the IDE bracket on the front of the case. An IDE bracket is just a simple piece of plastic on the front of your case. When removed, your drive can then be accesible from your case's front. Remove one such plastic bracket by simply pulling at it and it will come loose, then mount your drive inside the case with the door facing frontwards. Now, your drive will not stay in that position unless you mount it with some scrues, so do so to both sides of the drive. Then, connect an IDE ribbon cable to one side of the ROM. The other side of the cable should run to the secondary IDE slot on your motherboard. If you're not sure which is which, the primary is the one that runs to your master (primary) hard drive, and the secondary runs to your rom drives. You can connect up to two rom drives on one cable, as it will have one end that connects to your board, one end that connects to a drive, and a middle connector for another drive. Run a power cable to the drive as well. As for connecting a sound cable - it can be done, but it really is not required. Should you need to listen to music from your cd player, you're better off just copying the music to your hard drive, then listening to it. This will cut down on your used system resources, and for slower PCs skipping will be eliminated.I am a young, aspiring computer engineer into Internet Marketing, hardware, software, web design, SEO and just about anything related to computers. Please come check out my growing PC forum at <a target="_new" href="http://www.markspcforum.com">http://www.markspcforum.com</a>

วันอาทิตย์, กันยายน 28, 2008

The Printer Cartridge Wars: Generic or Remanufactured Cartridges Right for You?

OverviewAs "generic", "remanufactured", and "new compatible" inkjet printer cartridges and laser toner cartridges creep deeper into the printer accessories market, the choices become varied and often confusing. It is estimated that by the year 2004 the aftermarket share of the inkjet and toner cartridge market will exceed 11% of the estimated 12 billion dollar printer accessory market [source: CART magazine, March 2001] Here's a look at what all these terms mean, and an examination of the upside and downside of using non-"brand name" printer cartridge products in your printer.TerminologyFirst, let's examine the terminology. When shopping online for a new inkjet or toner cartridge for your printer, you'll likely encounter these terms:OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) or brand name productsA "brand name" inkjet or toner cartridge is just that - it's a printer cartridge that carries the brand name of the manufacturer on it, usually the same as the printer manufacturer, for example, Epson, Canon, Hewlett Packard, etc.New compatible, off-brand or generic productsA "new compatible", "off-brand" or "generic" inkjet or toner cartridge is manufactured by a company other than the original printer manufacturer. There are a large number of these "new compatible" manufacturers, and it's quite true that the quality of their product can vary (more on that a bit later). In the case of inkjet cartridges, "generic" cartridges are completely new. In the case of toner cartridges, to qualify as "new compatible" the toner drum must be replaced with a brand new drum, as well as all major parts serviced and replaced as needed.Remanufactured productsA "remanufactured" inkjet or toner cartridge, by definition, is a cartridge which has been serviced, cleaned, refilled with toner or ink and possibly had a few component parts repaired or replaced. In many cases, remanufactured toner cartridges do not have new drums; they instead refurbish the original drum and send it out for another cycle.An Important Note About Toner CartridgesThe relatively unknown truth is that almost all laser toner cartridges, including most of the original brand name "new" cartridges, have been remanufactured to some extent. The defining point is to what degree they have had component parts repaired and/or replaced. For example: check the box for a brand new Hewlett Packard Laser Jet 4000/27X. Brand new, right? Well, it is. But check the fine print, which says: This newly manufactured product may contain parts and materials recovered from the HP planet partners recycling program. This means that the product, while "new", is possibly not completely new; it's quite probable that components of this cartridge have been used before, and have been recycled.Quality vs. CostIt's a fact: the cost of brand name inkjet and toner cartridges can be exceedingly high in comparison to generic or remanufactured inkjet or toner cartridges. In many cases, new compatible inkjet cartridges can be as much as 70% less than the cost of brand name cartridges. New compatible or remanufactured toner cartridges on the whole tend to be as much as 50% less in cost than their brand name counterparts. For example, an Epson T013201 black inkjer cartridge, used for various Epson Stylus printers, sells for $17.09 direct from Epson. The same cartridge, compatible, at an online retailer, Abacus24-7 (http://www.abacus24-7.com), sells for $4.95. The difference....70% in savings.(Prices as of August 2005)What's the catch?Well, there really isn't one, if you find a quality off-brand product you can purchase from an online merchant you can trust, one who stands by their product in those rare cases that generic or remanufactured products don't perform as well as you expect. Brand name cartridges cost much more than generics primarily because of the marketing and advertising budgets most OEM manufacturers spend in promoting their products; a cost most smaller manufacturers don't have. And then there's the issue of your printer warranty - we'll discuss that issue a little bit later.Inkjet Cartridges: PerformanceGeneric or new compatible inkjet cartridges are in general highly reliable and perform as well as, or nearly as well as, brand name cartridges. Latest technologies and adherence to ISO 9001 codes (internationally recognized standards for quality assurance) by most producers of generic cartridges has increased the overall reliability of these aftermarket products in relation to your typical brand cartridges. In particular, Epson and Canon new compatibles are highly reliable, as the technology required to duplicate the performance of their cartridges is minimal (with the exception of the very latest Epson cartridges with the "computer chip"). In terms of print life (how many pages they print) generics stack up pretty well - usually within plus or minus 5% of the life of your typical brand name cartridge.High quality photographic printing is the one area where generic cartridges are occasionally suspect. The quality of the inks used by the manufacturer play a significant role here - lower grade ink which doesn't have the same density or brilliance and consistency of color can produce inferior results in the most high-demand cases. Although most manufacturers of generics have moved away from inferior inks, we recommend you ask your online merchant about the quality of the inks used by their supplier, if you are doing this kind of high-quality photographic printing. In particular, the inks should be made in the U.S.A.. With good ink your results should be just fine.Remanufactured Inkjet cartridges are another subject. Primarily you will only find remanufactured Inkjet cartridges for Hewlett Packard, Lexmark and Dell, as these companies have meticulously patented (and subsequently filed suit against anyone who tried to duplicate) their inkjet cartridge designs. There are no true "generics" for HP or Dell inkjet printers.Remanufactured cartridges are a huge cost value over new cartridges - usually over 50% less - and for every day printing work just fine. The failure rate of remanufactured cartridges is slightly higher than new product, however, and so it's important your online merchant guarantees their product to cover the occasional return. For typical printing, remanufactured inkjet cartridges can be the right choice over new ones. Lately, Dell computers and printers are increasing in popularity. Dell's popular models include the Color 720, and All-in-One a920, a940, and a960 models. Direct from Dell, one can buy an OEM cartridge, for example the color cartridge (X0504) for the Dell a940 printer for $34.99 from www.dell.com. The same cartridge, yet remanufactured, sells online for $23.95 at Abacus24-7 (http://www.abacus24-7.com).(Prices as of August 2005)Laser Toner Cartridges: PerformanceAs with generic or new compatible inkjet cartridges, new compatible toner cartridges are for the most part highly reliable and provide a noticeable cost savings over brand new toner cartridges. Again, ISO 9001 standards have greatly increased the consistency and reliability of the aftermarket toner product in recent years. Further, many new compatible toner manufacturers increase the volume of toner in the cartridge, providing for a longer print life. Quality new compatible cartridges will have new or replaced mag sleeves, wiper blades, and magnet tips.Remanufactured toner cartridges in general have a less stringent set of criteria applied to them, and as mentioned before may not contain a new toner drum. Be sure to ask your supplier. It is our humble recommendation that you go with toner cartridges that have a new aftermarket drum, as opposed to a refurbished or recycled drum. Lastly, ask if the new drum is "high density". You want that.Color laser new compatible toner cartridges are just coming to market, and although early feedback seems to indicate a positive outlook, an evaluation of these cartridges is premature at this time.Good for the Country, Good for the EnvironmentIf you care about recycling or the good of the Country's economy, consider these facts:- 99% of new compatible toner cartridges are manufactured in the USA; most "OEM" brand cartridges are manufactured overseas- Nearly 40,000 tons of plastic are saved from our nation's landfills each year, by remanufacture of inkjet and toner cartridges- It takes on average 2 quarts of oil to manufacture a Brand New Toner cartridge but less than half of that amount to manufacture a new compatible toner cartridgeYour Printer Warranty and YouA legitimate concern of many people is whether using generic or remanufactured cartridges in their printer voids the printer's warranty. The answer is no. The following is a partial quote of the text of the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Improvement Act, which deals with this exact question:MAGNUSON-MOSS WARRANTY IMPROVEMENT ACTUnited States Code AnnotatedTitle 15 Commerce and TradeChapter 50 Consumer Product Warranties15 Section 2032... (c) No warrantor of a consumer product may condition his written or implied warranty of such product on the consumer's using, in connection with such product, any article or service (other than article or service provided without charge under the terms of the warranty) which is identified by brand, trade or corporate name; except that the prohibition of this subsection be waived by the commission if:1) The warrantor satisfies the Commission that the warranted product will function properly only if the article or service so identified is used in connection with the warranted product, and2) the Commission finds that such a waiver is in the public interest.In English, this means that no warranty may be voided by use of aftermarket products unless the manufacturer acquires a waiver that clearly shows such voidance would be in the public interest, or that their product will only function properly if the specified manufacturer parts are used.There is one catch, however: the manufacturer (in this case your printer manufacturer) is not compelled to repair their product under warranty if damage done to the product occurred as a direct result of using aftermarket parts. In other words, using generic cartridges is fine, and if your printer ever fails under conditions which have nothing to do with the cartridge you are using, no problem. However, if the damage is directly caused (however unlikely) by the use of a generic cartridge, the warrantor may elect not to repair it, although the warranty would remain in effect for all other warranty issues.ConclusionIn general, aftermarket generic and new compatible or remanufactured printer cartridge products are an excellent way to cut significant costs from your every day small business or personal printing expense, while maintaining quality printing results. Those who need extremely high quality printing (such as photographers and artists) can, with a little trial-and-error testing of different generic cartridge products, find a product which provides the quality results you need.In all cases, be sure to buy your cartridges from an online supplier who 100% guarantees their product without question, and isn't afraid to answer your questions when it comes to the quality and reliability of their products.Written by David Amerman also published by <a target="_new" href="http://www.About.com">About.com</a>

Learn How To Diagnose Power Supply Problems

The Power Supply convert's your regular household current into low DC voltage used by the computer. When this component fails,there is simply no activity going on wih your computer.Remember to do the easy troubleshooting first.Inspect the Power Supply for any damage.Double-Check all connections.Learning how to check your power supply and how to replace it when needed can be a life saver if you're a computer buff or in business with the trusted PC.Don't take for granted the simple pleasure of turning on your PC and everything works just fine.We turned on one of our computers recently and in about one hour,it just re-booted itself.And it continued doing so about 10 times a day until we found out the power supply was the culprit.Things to look for when your power supply is going bad or just dies on you are the following.NO POWER TO THE COMPUTERHere you must first check the wall outlet for power by connecting another device such as a radio or lamp to be sure power is present.If the computer is connected through a surge protector,check it as well.If the wall out has power,check the power cable going to the PC to see if AC voltage is making its way to the system unit.Do this with the use of a multimeter.If there is power,you will have to open the PC and check for power from the power supply to the motherboard.When using a multimeter to check voltage,be sure you have a good ground for the black lead of the multimeter.RE-BOOTING PROBLEMSOne main problem you may face with an ailing Power Supply is that it may re-boot the computer without any warning.All information is lost and it seems as though this happens at the worst possible time.Booting errors when the computer first start's up is another indicator of this component going on the blink.POWER DISTRIBUTION PROBLEMSWhen the power supply begins to fail,you may receive power at one device and not another.For example,the Hard Drive may receive power but the CDROM Drive has nothing at all.Another headache with would cause re-booting is the intermittent power going to the drives or the motherboard itself.Follow the steps below to check your power supply should you experience some of the above problems.CHECKING THE POWER SUPPLYIf the wall outlet,and the power cord are good,make sure the connection at the motherboard is secure.Then you may have to face the fact that the power supply itself is bad.If you have a Multimeter you can test the power supply output before purchasing a new one.Simply follow these steps.Turn off the PC,but do not unplug it,open the system unit. Set the multimeter to read DC volts in the next range higher than 12 volts.Locate a power connector similair to the hard drive,or cdrom drive connector that is unused and turn on the PC.You can also unplug a drive connector and use it as well.Turn on the PC and insert the BLACK probe into the power connector on one of the BLACK wires.Touch the RED probe to the YELLOW wire on the power connector.The multimeter reading should be +12 volts Now touch the RED probe to the RED wire and the reading should be +5 volts.If no readings or different readings occured,you'll have to replace the power supply.If the readings were correct,you should check the P8 or P9 connectors at the motherboard. These connectors may also be named P4 and P5.To check these connectors,perform the following...Insert the BLACK probe into P8 at one of the BLACK wires. Insert the RED probe into the P8 connector at the RED wire. The reading on the multimeter should be +5 voltsCheck the power going to the Motherboard connections by inserting the RED probe into P8 at the YELLOW wire and you should get +12 volts.Leave the BLACK wire touching the black wire at the P8 connector.Check the BLUE wire and the reading should be a -12 volts.Now move the BLACK probe to the BLACK wire on the P9 connector.Test the WHITE wire by inserting the RED probe and the reading should be -5 volts.Check the RED wires on the P9 connector and you should get +5 volts on each red wire.You won't get exactly 5 or 12 volts but the readings will be very close, such as 5.02 volts.If the Power Supply is a couple of volts off,in either direction,such as when the RED wire should be reading -5 volts but it reads -8 volts,or if there are no readings,replace the power supply.DO NOT remove the power supply from the system unit case when performing these tests.DO NOT perform these tests if you do not feel comfortable.Be sure to remove any and all electrical static build-up from your clothes and body BEFORE touching any parts inside the system unit.And NEVER open the power supply case for any reason,since high voltage may be present.About The AuthorOtis F. Cooper is solely dedicated to boosting the knowledge and confidence of every computer user that is serious about knowing computers.Use his informative articles and videos to understand every aspect about the PC. Read more about his formula for pc training at <a href="http://www.ultimatepcrepair.com" target="_new">http://www.ultimatepcrepair.com</a><a href="mailto:allaboutpc@juno.com">allaboutpc@juno.com</a>

Heliodisplay --Computer Video With No Screen

Science-Fiction meets reality with this new video display technology.The Heliodisplay includes patented and patent pending technology to transform normal ambient air and display video images into free-space. Some Heliodisplay models are interactive allowing a finger or hand to move images around in the air as if one were grabbing a tangible object.The Heliodisplay requires a power outlet, and a computer, TV, DVD or alternate video source. The current version of the Heliodisplay projects a 22' to 42' (depending on model) diagonal image that floats above the device.The Heliodisplay system is backward compatible and accepts most 2D video sources (PC,TV, DVD, HDTV, Video game consoles). For connection to a computer, the Heliodisplay uses a standard monitor VGA connection; for TV or DVD viewing, it connects using a standard RGB video cable.Interest in this new technology has been so strong, that curious visitors have crashed IO2Technology's website.Obvious Applications : <LI>Advertising and Promotion, e.g.: trade shows; in-store displays; museum, movie and casino displays; theme parks. <LI>Collaborative Decision Making, e.g.: board meetings and presentations; command and control; architectural and engineering design; teleconferencing. <LI>Simulation & Training, e.g.: virtual targets; pre-operative planning. <LI>Consumer, e.g.: video games; home theatre.</LI>Less Obvious Examples: <LI>Transparent teleprompter. <LI>Heads-up displays in new fields. <LI>Build one into a door jamb and have a walk through image or virtual privacy screen. <LI>An in-store end cap advertising display and demonstration through which the customer can reach and grab shown product. <LI>Build the Heliodisplay into furniture, e.g. project from desk.</LI>While the new video capability will doubtless usher in a new era in computing and home entertainment, I wouldn't rush out and buy one just yet. That is, unless of course you have a burning desire to part with some extra cash in hurry.I haven't seen the system in person, so I can't say for sure, but the old computer axiom of "Never buy version 1.0 of anything." probably applies here.Odds are that the price is out of line for most people. Also, all the kinks in the system are most likely not perfected yet.I get this impression because IO2Technology is taking only limited numbers of orders right now. This tells me that the company has limited production capacity and is not fully prepared for demand. They probably haven't sold enough units yet, to account for all possible system configurations and usage scenarios. So for now, I'd steer clear of buying one for home or small business.Still, the announcement is impressive because it is bound to create another era of "Star Trek" type innovations and change some of the ways that we react with our computers and televisions.<a href="http://www.io2technology.com/technology/overview" target="_blank">Visit The Heliodisplay Website</a><a href="http://pub9.bravenet.com/forum/747426340" target="_blank">Discuss The Heliodisplay On The PDA and Mobile Today Forum</a>Steve Bralovich runs a Pocket PC and Smartphone development company. Visit the weblog at: <a href="http://pdatoday.blogspot.com" target="_blank">http://pdatoday.blogspot.com</a> for lots of information on Computers, PDAs, Notebooks and SmartPhones.

A Guide to Refurbished Laptops

Computing freedom, independence, and mobility don't have to come with a hefty price tag.Manufacturers refurbish laptop computers that have been returned. The laptop might have a scratched screen or other minor blemish. In some cases, the laptop was an unwanted gift or its packaging was dented. The laptop is inspected by the manufacturer, tested for quality, and repackaged for sale at a much lower price.While many new laptops can cost thousands of dollars, most refurbished laptop computers usually cost less than a couple of grand, and often less than $500. In most cases, they are as good as new and have a very low return rate. They even come with guarantees and warranties, just as you would expect with a new model.A refurbished laptop can satisfy most people's basic computing needs, such as word processing, running software, reading e-mail, creating spreadsheets, playing CDs, surfing the Internet, and more. Laptops allow access to all these features from anywhere.All laptop manufacturers offer refurbished laptops, including such popular brands as Dell, IBM, Toshiba, and HP.Computer prices are affected by type of processor, operating system, modem, and network card; size of the hard drive and RAM (Random Access Memory); and whether there is a CD/DVD-ROM/RW, a video card, a sound card, and zip drive. Prices are also affected by screen size and type of chassis.The price will be affected by all these specifications, along with how well preserved the chassis is, the name of the manufacturer, and whether you acquire the laptop form the factory or through a private dealer. Private dealers charge less, but beware: not all dealers are up to par with their refurbishing skills. Be sure to go to one that is reputable and experienced.<a target="_new" href="http://www.i-refurbishedlaptops.com">Refurbished Laptops Info</a> provides detailed information on quality, cheap refurbished laptops by manufacturers like Dell, IBM, Toshiba, and HP, as well as refurbished laptop batteries and related products. Refurbished Laptops Info is the sister site of <a target="_new" href="http://www.e-rackmountcomputer.com">Rack Mount Computers Web</a>.

Printer Cartridge Economics -- Four Ways To Make Your Ink Last Longer

Printer cartridge overheads can be a major expense for any busy office -- and even if you're working at home, it's important to factor in the amount you spend on your printer ink when assessing the cost of running a home-based business. And what you spent on that bargain-priced printer may turn out to be only a fraction of what you pay annually in printer supplies.A family household may have several printers on the go, each requiring its own specialist cartridges. The kids are doing their homework, researching information online and printing off reference material before drafting and printing homework papers. Digital photography is great, but grandma doesn't have a computer (let alone an e-mail account!), so you're making high quality prints of your son's graduation ceremony to mail to her. And you have to proofread some important work documents by tomorrow -- and you know you can't check text accurately from the computer monitor, so ...If you're anything like me, you can't imagine working without the support that a personal printer provides. But while the search for reliable but cheap printer ink never ends, there are some strategies you can adopt to economize on ink use and lower your budget for replacement cartridges.<li>Use draft print quality where you can. Go to File -- Print to open the box that lists the settings for your printer. Click 'Properties' to bring up the various options available. You'll probably find different choices under the heading 'Paper/Quality' that allow you to select draft quality printing. Your document will print at a lower resolution but that may not matter for reference material that you will likely discard later.</li><li>Choose black and white printing over color when possible. Depending on your printer, you may have the option to select grayscale printing using the black ink cartridge only. If you're not doing presentation quality work, chances are you won't need the other colors.</li><li>If you're dealing with a long document, print two sheets to a page if you can. Your printer may allow you to print two pages side by side in 'landscape' orientation -- and you'll save on paper costs too.</li><li>Modern personal printers can produce high quality photographs, particularly if you use specialist photo paper. But printing high quality digital shots can use a lot of ink -- so think about outsourcing your photo printing to a local print center. Many services allow you to order your prints online and can mail them to you if you can't collect them yourself. You can often have your photos printed on calendars, mouse mats or greeting cards, if you wish.</li>Reduce your inkjet or toner costs by economizing on ink when you can -- and keep your ink supplies ready for those occasions when high quality presentation counts.Nigel Patterson is a business writer and the publisher of <a target="_new" href="http://printer-ink-2u.com">Printer-Ink-2u.com</a>.His many articles provide useful tips and advice for online purchasers of <a target="_new" href="http://www.printer-ink-2u.com/ink-cartridges.shtml">inkjet cartridges</a> and <a target="_new" href="http://www.printer-ink-2u.com/laser-toner.shtml">laser toner</a>, as well as other printer supplies.

Understanding Transistor Data and Replacement

If, for some reason, you can't get an exact replacement for the transistor that you want to replace, you can refer to one of the transistor substitution guides or book, and try to identify a "near replacement". Beware, however. A substitution guide will sometimes list a replacement for your part, even though the two parts are not very similar. The most commonly used transistor substitution guides is the Philips ECG semiconductors Master Replacement Guide. Selecting the right transistor parameters or specifications for the equipment you repair will avoid callbacks from customers. Callbacks or repeated repairs due to wrong transistor substitution will cost you extra money and a waste of time.Some important transistor parameters are:Maximum collector-to-base voltage (VCBO) ? The replacement part should have a VCBO rating equal to or higher than the original.Maximum collector-to-emitter voltage (VCEO) ? The replacement part should have a VCEO rating equal to or higher than the original.Maximum emitter-to-base voltage (VEBO) ? The replacement part should have a VEBO rating equal to or greater than the original.Maximum collector current (IC) ? The replacement part should be able to handle as much (or more) collector current as the original.Power dissipation (PD Watts) ? The replacement part should be able to dissipate as much (or more) power as the original part.Gain (hFE) ? The replacement should have a gain equal to or better than the original and it should be as close to the original specification as possible.Gain-bandwidth (fT) ? the replacement should have a transition frequency equal to or faster than the original and it should be as close to the original specification as possible.Below is a table of application requirement and important specification that you can use for guidelines when comes to transistor substitution.Application Requirement and Important Specifications1. General purpose low level amplifier and switching transistors. Spec- hFE, IC (max), fT, VCEO2. Power switching applications. Spec- VCEO, VCBO, hFE, IC (max), PD (max)3. Low level IF/RF amplification. Spec- IC (max), fT, VCEO4. Audio amplification. Spec- IC (max), PD (max), hFE, VCEO5. High voltage transistors. Spec- VCEO, VCBO, IC (max), fTRemember, the replacement transistor should not run hot and if problem still persist, try another replacement number or get the original number if possible. Do not overlook that the surrounding components also may caused the transistor to run hot even if original number is used.Jestine Yong is a electronic repairer and writer. For more information about electronic repair please visit his website at <a target="_new" href="http://www.noahtec.com">http://www.noahtec.com</a>

Using System Restore to Save Yourself from Formatting Your Hard Drive

It is the most annoying thing when one day you use your computer and nothing seems to work fine. Program freezes, files get corrupted or internet doesn't work. You called the customer support or some friends you know who's very much familiar with computer and still didn't solve the problem.There could be one to many things why this happens, you probably came across with spy- wares or dangerous ad-wares or even virus when you were working on that computer last time, but whatever the reason is, your only main concern is to get it up and running so you can go on with your work.You tried everything and the only hope you can think of now is to format your computer. Formatting is the last and ultimate solution you should resort into. You just don't format a computer like your deleting a file. You need to back up all your software data, personal documents, pictures, other folders you may feel important, and of course you got to look for those original installation disk for your devices such as printers, scanners or any other device hooked up in your computer, these are called drivers. If your computer came with original recovery disks then you need that too, recovery disks are usually bundled with your branded computer system, such as HP, Dell, Gateway or any other leading computer manufacturer and if you have them, its as easy as putting the CD recovery disks and running it, it will do the rest of the process for you.If your recovery disk is gone or you didn't have one then this is what this article is for. Your only savior is to go back to the most recent settings that worked, in other words yesterday's settings. Microsoft provides an effective way to somehow backup your computer settings and configuration, this is called System Restore. System Restore has the ability to create a restore point wherein every once a week or two depending on how often you install or uninstall updates and programs. The following steps will walk you through the process of setting up your restore point and how to go back if you need it.Start by going to Start->Programs->Accessories->System Tools, and then open System Restore.On the right side panel it will give you an option to Create Restore point or Restore my computer to an earlier time.Choose Create Restore Point, and then put your description, hit next then put in the date you want to go back to, then hit "Create" and that's it. You just save yourself on formatting your computer in the future.Guil Tabasa is a consultant for <a target="_new" href="http://altertekonline.com">Altertek Solutions</a>; he has been in the consulting business for more than 7 years now. He has helped small and medium businesses add value to their business that directly contributes to their revenue. You can email <a href="mailto:mcguiliver@hotmail.com">Guil</a>

วันเสาร์, กันยายน 27, 2008

Printers: What Really Happens When You Hit ?Print?

You just poured hours upon hours into a lengthy research paper. All that's left to do is print it out. And that's the easy part, right? Sure looks easy from the user perspective, but it's actually quite complicated. A series of critical processes kick off as soon as you kit the OK button.The first thing that happens is your software application (MS Word, Excel, etc) sends the data you want to print to your printer driver. The printer driver is nothing more than some software that translates data into a format that your specific printer can understand. When you buy a new printer, it generally comes with a CD. On that CD is the printer driver software you need to enable your specific printer to talk to your computer.The printer driver takes the translated data and physically sends it along to your printer. It's able to connect to the printer via the USM connection interface. Much of the data received by the printer goes directly into the printer buffer, where it is stored. By storing the data within the printer itself you're able to finish the print job quickly.If you just turned your printer on for the first time in a while or if the printer has been standing idle for a while, the printer will run through a series of diagnostic tests. Some of these tests check he availability of ink, while others clean the print heads.Once this preprinting step completes, your printer brain sends a message to the paper stepper motor telling it to engage the rollers and feed paper into the printer body. As the paper is being fed into the machine, the belt pulls the print head into "ready" position. When the paper is perfectly positioned, the print head goes to town, firing droplets of ink at the paper. With incredible speed and accuracy, the print head travels back and forth across the page spewing colors. When it reaches the end of the page, the stepper is quickly engaged, advancing the paper forward. This process continues until the print job is complete.Bill Smith is a printer expert. Visit his website at <a target="_new" href="http://www.buythebestbuy.com">http://www.buythebestbuy.com</a> to learn more about printers and ink cartridges.

The Making of Energy Efficient Datacenters

The Crooked E: The Unshredded Truth About Enron is a wonderful movie to watch. It is based on the book, The anatomy of greed, written by a former employee of Enron, Brian Cruver. One interesting thing that comes on our minds is the size of all power companies. They are all huge. We all depend on power for just about everything and yet very rarely do we think about conserving energy. A typical PC for example takes about 135 watts of power. A data center with about a 1000 servers should typically take about 135 x 1000 Watts or 135 Kilowatts and that would just power the computers. This does not include the air-conditioning and lighting. According to to a research paper sponsored by The California Energy Commission in a datacenter about 50% of the total energy consumed is by the servers and about 35% is the air conditioners. Here are some interesting research done in this field - <ul> Feeling the heat- An interesting paper by Liebert describing the challenge of effectively managing the heat dissipation in datacenters. </li> </ul> <ul> Heat-Density Trends in Data Processing, Computer Systems, and Telecommunications Equipment- This white paper provides valuable current data and best available insights regarding historical and projected trends in power consumption and the resulting heat dissipation in computer and data processing systems (servers and workstations), storage systems, and central office-type telecommunications equipment. </ul> This problem can be solved by making better energy efficient air conditioners and by making more energy efficient computers. Many companies have taken a lot of interest in subject. However, nothing substantial has been done primarily because of the market requirements. The end users still want to host their sites on the fastest processors which drives the market with the latest processors. Going at this rate we would reach a time soon when the energy required would be much higher than the energy available in the market. Intel, AMD, Transmeta and Via have all released processors which consume very low power. A typical Pentium or AMD processor consumes about 25 Watts of power, whereas these low powered processors take only about 5 watts of power i.e. about 5 low powered processors would consume as much power as a single main stream processor of today. These low powered processors are also generally fan less processors which means lower noise levels too. Intel has the centrino which has a lower power consumption than the regular pentiums. Intel also has the arm processors but those are RISC. Our prime focus would be AMD, Transmeta and Via. They all have some very promising products. One thing to be noted is that most of these low powered processors work only at about 1.2GHz or lower. So they won't be as fast the pentium4s. Which means one would have to host lesser sites per server. A good recommendation would be upto a maximum of 600 sites on a regular pentium 4 server. A low powered processor should comfortably take about 200 sites. One advantage of these low powered processors is that they have a very small form factor too. This means that one can have more such servers in the same space that is typically allocated to a high powered servers. All datacenters use a profitability matrix based on the following rule: Performance/Per Watt/Per Cubic Foot. This is one place where the low powered processors really score high. AMD Geode? NX Processor family comprises of the AMD Geode? NX 1250@6W processor, the AMD Geode? NX 1500@6W processor and the AMD Geode? NX 1750@14W processor. The first two in these consume only 6Watts of power and run without a cooling fan. According to AMD they provide the highest x86 performance for fan less operations. They are based on the mobile AMD Athlon processor technology. Transmeta was one of the first companies to develop low powered processors. For a long time Transmeta was known as the company where the Microsoft co founder Paul Allen had interests in and the place where Linus Trovalds, the father Linux, worked. Both of them are no longer part of the organization. Today they are known for the two processor families they have - The transmeta crusoe and the transmeta efficeon Transmeta Crusoe?- processors range from 500Mhz to 1.2 Ghz. According to Transmeta,Crusoe is a unique combination of software and hardware. It's this radical design that gives Crusoe its important advantages, and manufacturers of all kinds of electronic devices their first truly innovative new platform in over 25 years. Thanks to Crusoe, mobile devices can be made smaller and lighter than ever. These new devices will be more comfortable to use, too, because Crusoe generates very little heat a problem that plagues the industry's legacy hardware-only processors. And because it uses far less power, mobile devices running on Crusoe run far longer on a single battery charge, and Crusoe-powered ultra-dense servers do far more work per watt, far more efficiently. Transmeta Efficeon processors are the higher end processors from Transmeta and they run at upto 1.6Ghz and have high performance I/O interfaces. They are built upon Fujitsu's next-generation 90nm silicon technology featuring transistors with a length of just 40nm. The entire Transmeta range not just uses the x86 instruction set, they also have full multimedia instruction support (MMX, SSE-SSE2). Transmeta has done very little in marketing in terms of selling their products for the server market. Like all other companies they have focussed on mobile products, set-top boxes etc.. While these products are great for the mobile market, they do have a great potential in the server market. FIC, JM-Net etc. have some products for the server market which run on the Transmeta processors. Via, the Taiwanese manufacturer purchased the Cyrix processors and has since gotten out of the race of faster processors with AMD and Intel. Instead they are focussing on fan less, low-powered processors. They have the Eden and the C3 range of processors. The power consumption varies from only 7watts to 15Watts. Additionally, the processors come with the PadLock Hardware Security Suite which provides a platform approach to computer security, ensuring uncompromising security performance. These features include the implementation of the Quantum-based VIA PadLock RNG (Random Number Generator), and the VIA PadLock ACE (Advanced Cryptography Engine) supporting AES encryption. According to Via, the VIA Eden-N Processor is the world's smallest, lowest power and most secure native x86 processor. It is a mere 15mm x 15mm in terms of size and consumes between 2.5W @ 533MHz to 7W @ 1GHz. Via again like Transmeta has not focussed in the server market. The images above give a good idea of the benefits of this processor in the server market. For datacenters, Via may be the best in the Performance/Per Watt/Per Cubic Foot matrix. Companies like Hitachi make some very good low powered hard disk drives which have a very small form factor. They have both IDE's at 7200 rpm as well as SCSI hard drives. Many may think it is better to take higher end servers as the power or heating problem does not directly affect them. As mentioned earlier a server driven by a low-powered processor would be able to take just about 200 sites. This means that a person with 600 sites would need to take 3 such servers instead of one higher powered server. Here are some benefits of this scenario. One of the biggest factors influencing the performance of sites on the internet is the capability of the network card (ethernet) . When all sites are hosted on just one server, they all would use the same network card to push the data. Now if these sites are distributed among 3 servers the amount of data that the sites can push would be 3 times more which means faster access to the sites. Another benefit is that if one of the site goes down all 600 people would not be effected, rather only 1/3rd the number of sites would be affected. Hence, the number of support request would be lesser. And finally, such processors are very affordable. Typically they would be just a third of the cost of regular mainstream processors. Amarjyoti Krishnan heads bobcares.com, a tech support company for webhosts and ISPs. He is the co-founder of Poornam Info Vision Ltd., a software and IT services company which specializes in Linux based solutions for Webhosts and ISPs. Poornam Info Vision is an ISO 9001:2000 certified company with a team of over 100 engineers.Amarjyoti is a Computer Engineer based in India and has over 7 years of experience in the hosting industry. He has spoken and written extensively on the subject. His articles have been published both online as well as in print in magazines.<a target="_new" href="http://poornam.com">http://poornam.com</a> <a target="_new" href="http://bobcares.com">http://bobcares.com</a> <a target="_new" href="http://amarjyoti.com">http://amarjyoti.com</a>

What Is A Fuse? And How To Test It.

A fuse is a very thin wire, which either melts or vaporizes when too much current flows through it. The thin wire may be made of aluminum, tin-coated copper or nickel. The resulting open in the circuit stops current flow. In electronic equipment, most fuses are cylindrical glass or ceramic type with a metal cap at each end! The current rating also can be seen in one of the two metal end caps. There are two popular physical sizes: 1 ? ? X ? - inch and 5X20mm. The 1 ? ? X ? - inch size is used in many automobiles. You'll find both sizes in many electronic equipment, but the smaller 5 X 20mm has become more common. Fuses are available with current ratings from 1/500 Ampere to hundreds of amperes.Purpose of FusesThe purpose of a fuse is to open an electronic circuit when current flow exceeds a certain amount, determined by the rating of the fuse. Opening a circuit under high current conditions can save electronic components from damaged and prevents overheating, which could cause a fire.Types of FusesThere is two basic types of fuses: fast acting and slow blow. The fast acting type will open very quickly when their particular current rating is exceeded. This is important for analog meter movements, which can quickly be destroyed when too much current flows through them, for even a very small amount of time. Slow blow fuse have a coiled construction inside. They are designed to open only on a continued overload, such as a short circuit. The purpose of coiled construction is to prevent the fuse from blowing on just a temporary current surge.Do not use a slow blow fuse in place of a fast acting fuse. It may not open fast enough to prevent components damage under a high current condition. It's not harmful to replace a slow blow fuse with a fast-acting fuse, but it will probably open up unnecessarily every now and then when the equipment is first switch on. A blown fuse can tell you something about your service problem. Often the glass case of the fuse appears clear, and you can still see the broken pieces of the fuse element. This means you have the kind of problem that causes a slow, gradual overload on the power supply. Some fuses even die of old age. But if the inside of the glass fuse is discolored, and there is no trace of the fuse element (the center connector), you know that the center connector was destroyed quickly and violently, using a lot of heat. The fault was a short circuit or other problem that caused a lot of current to flow very quickly.Is some cases a fuse will open up fast enough when there is a surge so that other components aren't damaged. If this is the case, replacing the fuse with one of the same type and rating restores operation. Unfortunately, a high probability exists that if a fuse blew, something in the circuit it was protecting shorted out. In this case, a replacement fuse blows right away. The blown fuse can easily be replaced by a new one, after the overload has been eliminated when come into replacement. Use only the same current and voltage ratings as the original. The common type and current rating of a fuse in a monitor are slow blow 2A to 5A. When you buy replacement fuses, get several ? you can easily use all of them while you're troubleshooting an elusive problem.Testing FusesTurn the power off and remove the fuse from the circuit to check with a multimeter set to the lowest ohms range. Connect the probes to both end of the fuse. You may check the fuse while it still in circuit. A good fuse should showed continuity or read 0 ohm. A blown fuse is open which reads infinity on the meter.Jestine Yong is a electronic repairer and writer. For more information about electronic repair please visit his website at <a target="_new" href="http://www.noahtec.com">http://www.noahtec.com</a>

The Road Ahead

We live in an area that has begun to use Green Bins for household waste. Our regular garbage is picked up every other week and the only weekly garbage collection is our green plastic bins, to be filled with leftover food products and other organic waste. When the program first started, I was sure we could never change our ways, but before long, depositing bones and leftover food in the bin became automatic. Why am I telling you this? Because using the computer will also become easy for you the more you try. Sure, the learning curve is steeper than remembering which container to use for which type of garbage, but the idea is the same. Every time you perform a function or solve a problem on your computer, it will be easier than the time before. This week, I read a book written by Bill Gates in 1996 titled 'The Road Ahead'. Gates said, "Computers frighten almost everyone (everyone but children), before they learn to use them. When people spend more time with computers, they understand them better. You can start by playing computer games or doing other simple things. Once you start using them, I think you'll like them." With the Internet, we can keep in touch with old friends and make new ones; have virtual experiences of flying an airplane, driving a car, even dissecting a toad. Pilots and doctors practice their work without worrying about accidents. Every school can have a wonderful library thanks to the Internet. Gates saw then how much our world would change because of computers. Banking and shopping online, distance learning, the ability to telecommute and work from home - all of these grew as software became better and more powerful. Gates talked about his own futuristic house. Anyone in the house wore an electronic pin that told the house who and where you were. When it got dark, the pin would turn on lights nearby and turn them off when you went away. Music would play near you and the phone ring nearby only if the call was for you. A home control console activated choices of lighting, music, and temperature. That was in 1996, so who knows what his home is like now! The book ended with a cartoon showing a mutt using a computer and saying "On the Internet, nobody know's you're a dog." How true - on the Internet, we are all on equal ground.When in my 40's, the university library where I worked was computerized. The thought of using those machines at my age was so intimidating that I moved to another department. I transferred back a year later, determined to learn. To my surprise, computers were easier to use than I imagined, and so enjoyable that I went back to school full-time. (c) Carol Bremner 2003 <A href="mailto:cabremner@creativehomecomputing.com">cabremner@creativehomecomputing.com</A> projects - hints - products <A target="_new" href="http://www.creativehomecomputing.com">www.creativehomecomputing.com</A>

Selecting an Ink Jet printer?With Low Operating Cost

Printer technology has made tremendous advances in the past five years. Speeds are up and print quality is great. Meanwhile, printer costs have declined.What has not improved is the cost of ink. Printer manufacturers expected to make their profit on replacement cartridges, and they do. But in charging high prices they created another industry that they have to compete with.Now there are generic or compatible replacements; you can buy refilled cartridges and refill kits so you can refill them yourself. Worst of all there are counterfeits. And there's a big market for all of them due to the sky-high price of OEM cartridges.The manufacturers are full of tricks. Some of them use tiny cartridges that don't hold much ink. Most of the standard cartridges are half full of ink. They sell high capacity cartridges at premium prices that are full of ink. They run promotions on printers that have sample cartridges that barely have enough ink to try out the new printer.These are all factors you have to consider when you buy a printer. There are makers who have addressed the problem in another way. All printers have a separate black cartridge for obvious reasons, but a few use a separate cartridge for each color. If one of the colors runs out you can replace it individually. This way you aren't throwing away good ink. One maker gives you the choice of a double size black unit that is more economical than two singles.Most printers use a cartridge with a built- in print head, but at least one has the print head built into the machine. The cartridges are only ink containers, consequently very inexpensive and easy to refill. The downside of this arrangement is that the print head is a wear item and it's quite expensive to replace.The point is that these two style printers are more economical to operate than the conventional type. There are some printers that will operate with only the black cartridge installed, and this is a good choice for students and others that only print text. If you don't need a fancy printing job, often you can set your printer on "draft" which saves a lot of ink.Be careful when you are buying a printer especially, but not exclusively at auctions; they're selling them without ink. A diligent shopper can sometimes find printers with and without rebates that are below the cost of the ink. This is a good way to go. For more information about shopping visit my web site: http://www.caveatemptorus.com/I've tried refilling and using refurbished units with mixed success. Refilling is risky business. Maker's claim that it voids your warranty, this is debatable, but there is some validity to their concerns. There are different kinds of ink and using the wrong or an inferior ink can do damage. Many refurbs are poor quality so you end up returning them for replacement.At the moment my choice is a printer with print heads in the cartridges and I buy good quality generics. Keep in mind this creates warranty problems. If you have a problem printing, you can't get technical service unless you buy a set of OEMs.Written by: George W. Cannata the publisher of the web site: <a target="_new" href="http://www.caveatemptorus.com">http://www.caveatemptorus.com</a>, July 8, 2005.

วันศุกร์, กันยายน 26, 2008

The Printer Cartridge Review

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Buying Laser Toner Cartridges

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วันพฤหัสบดี, กันยายน 25, 2008

Does Size Really Matter In Our Digital Age?

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Expansion Cards Part 2: AGP

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วันพุธ, กันยายน 24, 2008

The Hard Disk

Since our launch of unnecessary files, defragmenting the form of partitions to learn to keep your hard drive in perfect condition hard drive is where all your software and data stored. If the hard disk no longer works, you can end up losing all your data. What we do here is to take you. A quick tour through the different things you need to know about it, so you can continue to function optimally. What is the hard drive? The magnetic disk is a mass storage device installed in bays in the system. The hard drive can handle a large cabinet with shelves with several different themes perfectly organized and stored in each of themselves. The hard drive stores all the information you need to save on your PC operating system (eg Windows) program (for example, a dress UNRWA), businesses or homes data and applications, games, e - mail, address books and so on. A hard drive mount chain is nothing but a mass of magnetic media. The surface magnetic hard disk must be structured in specific areas where data can be stored properly, a process known as formatting. When you buy a new computer system comes with a hard disk is formatted. A hard disk should be divided into partitions before it can be used. The hard disk of a newly purchased computer is configured with one big partition, the partition (C: in My Computer) and an extended partition, which can be divided into logical partitions (D: E: and so on My computer), if necessary. Please call partitioning makes data more efficiently and reduce access times to retrieve data. The storage capacity of hard disk has increased by leaps and limits since the IBM XT first 10 MB of hard disk. Today, 10 GB is the entry level and 17 GB is common. The hard drive is connected to the motherboard of your computer through an expansion card, or a disk interface card. How Wok? The disk is formatted to share their surface concentric magnetic circular paths called tracks (or grooves in a record Grammofon) and in the form of so-called area Sliced sectors. The data is stored as a file or a disk sector groups called clusters. A player seeks to move its magnetic data read-write head to the specific way within a particular sector. When a new file is created on a new hard drive formatted, is entrusted to a group of numbers in order. If the file has been extended, and then the first group is assigned. When the file is deleted, the number of his group were simply marked as available. During a period where growth file size at the request of the group or deleted, perfectly ordered sequence of clusters is involved, a process known as fragmentation. Partitioning your hard drive partition divides a large hard disk into smaller virtual non-physical hard disk or partition, leading to effective use of space and increase the performance of your PC. Partitioning could be very useful in the following circumstances: 1-A-PC, the environment where people have more to work on the same PC, partitions can be attributed to each of them, so that each person has his own work area. This can be useful in the home, where you can have separate partitions for your spouse, children's games, applications and data, and so on. 2-Work on multiple operating systems-You can work on multiple operating systems on your PC, for example, Win98, Linux and Windows 95. (Maybe you have programs that work well in Win95, but suddenly crashed in Win98). You can keep these various operating systems safely on the same disk, install separate partitions. Partitioning tools There are several tools to partition your hard disk. Two of the most popular are: 1-PartitionMagic 4th version of Windows 95 and 98-Partition Magic from Power Quest is a useful and powerful software partitioning. Without problems, it moves, turns and resize partitions on your hard drive without having to reformat the disk erase data. 2-free Fdisk is a partitioning utility that runs in the DOS environment. The largest UPS is free. It is complicated to use and also requires formatting the hard drive (perhaps the greatest disadvantage). Formatting a hard disk As with most mechanical devices, use hard inevitable result of wear and dysfunction. Repeat to add and delete files that takes its toll on the hard disk, and you can get disk errors, including the famous critical flaw in Windows. This is an indication that May need to format the hard disk to function properly. But before you decide to format the disk can be useful for testing other-1-run Disk Defragmenter Use a 2-compensation of these asregclean.exe shareware available for download. But if after trying these options, pursuing a critical error, so you need to format the hard disk. The procedure is very simple format, but it must be done carefully. Formatting the hard drive, all data on the disk are lost on the Windows operating system, software, applications, data management, games, e-mails. In short, everything. How Windows 95 1 - Double-click the icon. Then click the drive icon you want to format. (eg C:) 2 - In the File menu, click Format and follow the instructions. Remember that you can not format a disk if it is to open files on the disk. If the disk has been compressed using DriveSpace or any other compressed disc. Windows 98 1 - Click Start, click Stop, click Start, then click OK. 2 - Press and hold down the CTRL key until the startup menu of Microsoft Windows 98 appears. 3 - Select the command line and press Enter. 4 - In the C: prompt, type format c: and press ENTER. 5 - Follow the instructions on the screen. After the format is left with a blank hard drive with more space than before. The next step is to restore the programs you need on the disc. 1 - First, install Windows and applications you use. 2 - Restore the backup files in the right. If you use a Zip drive or a CD, they must be installed first. 3 - Re-install all the drivers for your printer, modem or other external devices. Defrag has a file on your hard disk can be stored in one place or group. For example, if you create a Word document and make changes at a later date, change can be stored in another group of the original file. Most of the time you make changes to a file, the more disorganized, and the disk becomes fragmented. As a result, the magnetic head that reads and writes data to and from the hard, work harder for the whole file. The fragmentation of the hard disk that the efficiency of storage and access time to retrieve information. The process of defragging can reorganize the files and unused space on your hard disk, so programs run faster. Before defragging, can be a good idea to check the amount of hard disk is fragmented. You can do this by running ScanDisk. Temp folder and emptying the trash before defragging. Windows 95 and Windows 98 -: Open the Start menu, point to Programs, point to Accessories, then System Tools, then Disk Defragmenter. You defragging timetable will depend on how much you use your PC. A good rule of thumb is to defragment every two weeks. Make sure all files are closed, then a screen saver, too. Spring Cleaning There is no more space on your hard drive yet? Getting disk errors or illegal activity? Perhaps it is time to clean the disk. Some tips on spring cleaning to help. 1 - Mix reactions: Note all applications on your PC. Remove the old software if you install the latest versions. Go to Control Panel Add / Remove program, and the ability to uninstall programs that do not require. 2 - Run Scandisk: Scan Disk Windows option is very useful to address the issue that the loss groups, directory entries invalid and physical disk errors. Run ScanDisk once a month. Click Start, point to Programs, Accessories, System Tools, and select and then click ScanDisk. Click the drive that contains files and folders you want to control. 3 - Defrag often, once every two weeks. 4 - Empty Trash-click the Recycle Bin icon on the desktop and select Empty Trash down menu. 5 - Clean-folders: Do we really need to download all those who have committed themselves to a research project or a game that rarely plays? Delete files that are not necessary. 6 - Delete. Tmp and create more space on your hard disk. Close all applications. Go to Windows Explorer. Press the button to open the Find dialog box. Type *. tmp in the area. Make sure your C: drive appears in the search box. Include subfolders call. When. Tmp files appear, remove them. 7 - Delete temporary files NET to create more space. Go to the temp Internet Files folder in Windows Explorer. Delete all the files. 8 - There are several components of Windows on the hard disk that you can do without. You can remove these components in the Add / Remove option configuration of Windows and create more space on your hard drive, some components of Windows that are not necessary accessories as wallpaper ( savings of 700 KB) and games (Before you save a 600KB format.. 1 - Enter the hard drive specifications (number of cylinders, tracks, sectors, etc) in the PC BIOS in the configuration of the table to make available to software opening. 2 - Back up all important data to another hard disk, CD, Zip Drive, magnetic tapes and diskettes. If you have a kind of backup or are in a hurry, it Simply copy important files. Copy the e-mail and address books, too. When you backup, make sure they are ok. 3 - Backup folder you want to share with others through a network. 4 - Keep handy the installation disks or CD of the program you are using, such as Windows or Office package. They will be re-installed after formatting. 5 - Keep hands on the disk drivers for your printer, sound card, CD-ROM, modem or other devices. They will be re-installed after formatting. FAT made when the hard disk is formatted, a table of allowance files (FAT) is created on the disk. FAT keeps a record of the location of all files on the disk is FAT 16 file allocation system used in DOS and Windows 95 FAT 32 file system used on Windows 98 or Windows 95 OSR 2 FAT 32 is considered more efficient because it saves more space on the disc. Implementation of the hard disk to a large extent on the overall performance of a PC. HDD performance factors include data storage access time (the time it takes to read / write heads to find a position on the magnetic surface), the timing of the transfer of data (a measure of how many millions of bits per second can be transmitted from the disk into RAM) and reliability. Keep your hard disk to tip top condition and optimize performance. 1 - Create separate folders for each application, data or for each family member. This will his own record and organized. 2 - Avoid despite compression file compression increase the quantity of storage, but also significantly reduce system performance. 3 - Maintain free 10%. Always keep at least 10% of your disk drive without having to comply with more than 90% of its capacity to lead a system in decline and the potential loss of information. 4 - Run the Maintenance Wizard tool in Windows 95 and 98 What utilities run faster, which controls the hard disk for problems and disk space. You can to0 program running on a regular basis at some point, for example, once a week or any other interval you want. Home Maintenance Wizard, click Start , Point to Programs, Accessories, System Tools and click Maintenance Wizard. 5 - using a software to optimize the performance of hard disk, such as Symantec Norton Utilities. About the author Pawan Banga
Technical Director,
; Birbal
(Hbirbals, Seobirbals, Ebirbals, Ibirbals)
Mobile: 91 -175-3150734
Cell: +91-98153-52253 < , br> e-mail: @ Pawan ebirbals. Pawan@ebirbals.com No Yahoo Messenger: pawanishappy@yahoo.com
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วันอังคาร, กันยายน 23, 2008

Inkjet Printer Tips to Select Proper Printer

If you're in tight budget, go for inkjet printer. Inkjet printers are cheaper compared to laser printers. It has a wide range of inkjet printers. There are variations inkjet printers on the market to choose. You can select your printer, based on the type of print quality you need. If you are a graphic designer and have more concern for the quality photos and graphics, which must go for inkjet printer. It is a high-quality photos and graphics. If you need a printed text and go better for laser printers. It is essential to confirm your needs before you buy inkjet printer. Check out these tips before you buy inkjet printer. Things to check before buying inkjet printers * Speed is the most important criterion to check before buying a printer. Always check the speed in normal mode as speed rated by manufacturer is always tested on fastest print mode. * Buffer Memory plays important role, while sharing the printer on the network. For network printer is always advisable to go to greater memory. * Computers are now the majority of USB ports therefore buy a printer with a USB interface for faster data transfer. * Never forget the total cost of ownership. Depending on the type of pages you print, even a small difference in cost of ownership over the amount saved his life. * Ensure that necessary for quality prints of the photo if you buy the printer for printing photos. If necessary, you must purchase a print cartridge, as photo prints need more ink. * Check the printer compatible with the software. * You should check the manufacturer's Web site for the type of support. Check to see if they offer regular software updates, patches for new operating systems. * Check the dimensions of the printer to be great on the desktop. * You must place the cartridges in the right packaging. The assistance of the plant has provided additional containers to store ammunition. If you use both color and black ink frequently, store the cartridge in the port of change zip-lock bag. * Never use a Surge Protector to turn off the printer instead of using the printer power. * Jam is a common problem with printers. To clean the rollers and the internal mechanism of sweet alcohol. Place the paper into the tray with care to avoid interference. * Before you place your stack of paper into the tray confirm that you have to loosen the paper stack to separate them to avoid jams. * Use a mild glass cleaner onto a soft cloth to clean the exterior of the printer. * The quality of prints depends on the quality of paper you use. The standard A4 is ideal for most inkjet printers. The poor quality paper absorb the ink stain that result in images. To get the best images reference your printer manufacturer recommendations. Moreover, while printing photos, use the recommended manufacturer of photo paper for best results. * Use nozzle cleaning function to restore the original print quality. As a printer old copies to be weak, and you see the lines on the page. One of the characteristics of the nozzle cleaning ink by coups and unclog the nozzle. * Not a penny-wise and pound-foolish. Always use a cartridge of origin. The temptation to use cheap cartridges filled will be costly in the long term. * Avoid shaking the print cartridge, which can create bubbles in the cartridge that can turn off the printer. * Call if the person authorized to find ink leakage. Never open the printer on your own. Krishna Pai is a webmaster and an author. Obtain computer tutorials, magazines, equipment and software, advice, procedures http://www.cheapest-computer-hardware-software.com/ http://www.cheapest-computer-hardware-software.com / For more tips team to join his Build Computer Ezine in http://www.cheapest-computer-hardware-software.com/build_computer_ezine.html http://www.cheapest-computer-hardware-software. com / build_computer_ezine. Html

How To Backup Your Hard Drive

We all know that we must safeguard our system as soon as possible. But if you're like most of us, you can go tomorrow. The problem is that tomorrow rarely experience a serious computer failure, then it is too late. Take the time to back up data or entire hard disk is not as complete as it may seem. And this is the reward of his great experience of system failure. Windows and other software backup If you have Windows XP, you must install the new Windows utility for Windows XP cdrom. Simply insert the Windows XP CD into the CD and find the line D: VALEADDMSFTNTBACKUP. Here you can see the first letter D, but if the optical drive has a different drive letter, the exchange of D with the player in the letter. To install the tool, click the file named Ntbackup.msi. Backup utility is installed in the group tools. Click Start, All Programs, Accessories, System Tools and Backup. It is certainly a wizard to help you in the backup process. WinXP Backup utility to back up your entire hard drive and create a boot disk for recovery. A third own backup software can prove NewTech Infosystems is the http://www.ntius.com target = _New http://www.ntius.com where you can download test and apply for 30 days. And if that's your cup of tea, the full version, which covers $ 79.95 L increases or differential backup, you should back up your entire hard drive when you perform your first backup. After that, it is preferable to implement an incremental backup. This type of backup you can not back up files that have changed since the last backup is performed. Differential backup of changed files that are added since the last time you made the full backup. This form of backup is more detailed than incremental backups and is easier to retrieve. BACKUP storage devices can save your files on CD-ROM and compressed files to save space and time saving. WinXP is to compress the files, subfolders and files in the backup. You can buy compression software that does the same, saving storage space cdrom. Compressed files are decompressed automatically when they are restored to your hard drive. You can also use a second hard disk as a backup of your storage device. We use two hard drives for backup to ensure finally repair the PC is up and running 24 / 7 You can buy an internal hard drive and install it on the IDE cable, or if you prefer, you can buy a disc external hard drive that connects to the USB or a USB port. The advantage of these readers is that they have large amounts of storage, data quickly, and can be transferred from computer to other teams. We use 170 GB Western Digital external hard drive and only about a rebound in our four teams with the greatest of ease. USE OF SERVICES online backup You can also consider online services for data backup. If you lose all your data backup, for example, because of a natural disaster like a flood, your data online is right, you. Another advantage of online backup is that you can access, upload, download, or your data from anywhere. It is preferable to use high-speed Internet access if you plan to store data on the Internet. One of these services online backup is IStorage on http://www.iomega.com/istorage target = _New mass http://www.iomega.com/istorage and 2.49 U.S. dollars per month for 50MB to $ 17.95 per month for a large 1000MB storage. Or you can check the files anywhere in the URL is http://www.filesanywhere.com target = _New http://www.filesanywhere.com Another service CapSure try line is <; A href = http://www.capsure.com target = _New http://www.capsure.com backup system, a way of another, if not done. If you have any important data that you can not do it without taking the time to invest in a backup device or one of many services online backup. Stop backup and implement as soon as possible. You'll be grateful you did something should go wrong with the machine. It is always better safe than sorry. About the author Otis F. Cooper is the author of the award-winning PC Super Pack, training courses by videoconference. A hundred other things free repair PC, recording his bimonthly newsletter, and learn from one PC to the area on the http://www. ultimatepcrepair.com target = http:// _New Www.ultimatepcrepair.com

How To Purchase A Quality Laptop Computers Case

While we finally have that new laptops have been drooling over the last 3 months, it is only a problem? - You do not have a case for him. You've probably already established in a large notebook, and you say you do not want to use another $ 70 for a case. Believe me, this is not the time to be cheap.
In this article I will go on the importance of finding a laptop bag of quality, and what kind of quality characteristics in laptop cases.
If you consider your laptop to be important or important, and then get a good, solid case is a duty. May you ask why? It is just a few reasons:
- Caro notebook must be adequately protected
- Quality cases have external and internal best way to protect your laptop
- More comfortable
- Better protection of the shoulder
If you still need some prodding in the direction of the Super Duty case, perhaps the next points of support. Going over what separates good from evil in the notebook bags.

Comfort
? The quality of bags have much better shoulder cheaper support. His book will be at least 6 pounds, probably more. Do you really want to crush his shoulder only carry things? You have a choice much more on the quality of the market as well as cases when it comes to style. At the end will be much more comfortable with something to meet with you.

protection
? Please do not leave if a laptop came with your computer? - You can find your laptop into pieces. Quality laptop cases, large internal and external protection. This reinforced corners on the outside, and indoor air? All this because of the object. You can also find cases with single or double combo locks.

storage
? If you want to add files or folders on a laptop if it will need space. Often cheaper cases have enough space for a notebook and perhaps a small file if you're lucky. When you buy a snack after you have many choices in size, and can find something to hold everything we need.
Are you ready to spend some more money and get a good quality on the issue now? Well, but before you, let's go over a number of things that are very important.
First, we need to think about what to wear most of the time - is likely that this is not just a laptop. What are they will be transported a large part of bringing the case to decide. The more things you need to get in the bag over the bag should be.
Next, determine the dimensions of the notebook. You need to know when you buy a case. Not all PC space in all cases, so you need to find a case that corresponds to the size of the notebook. Whether you buy a case locally or online, the size of the main compartment of the case should be fairly easy to find.
Finally, as you soon, it is more than a style of grip available. There are cases in general, those who seem real luggage bags, backpacks and even style business. These have the added benefit that thieves do not think it's a notebook inside the meeting.
go exactly what you need in the case of a laptop, and then buy a quality that not only save a WO their shoulders at the time, but perhaps their investment. ************************************************** ***** Cody Kahl is the creator and author of the Guide to Toshiba?
, a site dedicated solely to providing the best information http://www.toshibalaptopsguide.com/toshiba-laptop-computers.html Toshiba.
Cody believes in quality, and this resource that proves it.
********************************************* * *** ******

Laptop and Notebook Theft Prevention

Laptop or notebook computer is a costly personal and business assets that are highly sought by small time thieves and large complicated theft rings. Keep your laptop and notebook computers safely in your possession should always be at the back of the head. It is not only very expensive, which can contain very private personal information or trade secrets, which could hurt if the information is public, or worse, sold to a competitor! Physical theft prevention should be the main concern for the use of laptops, and in fact most of the information is only common sense. Not to brag or announce that it has a laptop in your possession, try to keep the laptop in non-traditional laptop bags that make it clear that one. If you can hold in your bag or purse to the shoulder, which is much better to have white. Asset brand electronic devices and peripherals with permanent marking or engraving, the major brands that make your laptop unique device less attractive because it will be harder to sell. Also be aware that the laptop is on. If you use the bathroom or phone, do not leave it on a table, countertop, which includes when they are in restaurants! If you are traveling in a rental car, try to get a car with the trunk locked, with no access or a tree trunk visible from the outside, such as SUV or hatchback. Do not let the clear vision that attracts people to steal your car! If you live in a hotel, try using the blockade to the fixed metal cables to ensure that the settings on your laptop if you go or ask the hotel to lock in its safe if you do not use over a long period of time. In the case of the laptop was stolen there are many organizations that offer products and services that can help a speedy recovery or monitoring product. Some products install a home feature if the laptop is connected to the Internet, with the serial number, or elements that make tracking and recovery easier. In addition, it is really interesting, some products that have movement and proximity alarms installed. For example, you use a device on his belt, and if your laptop is greater than a certain distance from an alarm which provides high. It is used in an attempt to arrest the criminals who take and run with the camera! It is always a good idea to install some form of encryption software on a laptop, like PGP that will help keep your private data in the event that is stolen. It is always a good idea to plan for the worst and hope for the best! Remember, physical security, which mainly consists of using common sense to protect the attractions of an article, you can. Be discreet, be aware of your equipment and it should be relatively safe! Ken Dennis
http://KenDennis-RSS.homeip.net http://KenDennis-RSS.homeip.net

Buying a New Computer

Someone asked me recently: I teach the elderly in a free society, the computer lab. They tend to ask what to look for when buying a computer, the software they need e-mail, Internet use basic word processing, etc. Many of them are on a budget limited. What would you suggest they need less?
recommendations for a new computer
The good news is that prices of equipment have fallen dramatically in recent years, and the power to get your money is in place! I do not recommend the equipment used for certain because the rate of change in technology will be the most old systems in nearly three years. If you are a novice, wondering what kind of computer, monitor, hard disk, memory and operating system for ... Here are some tips you can get rolling.
Windows or Mac? You can have friends, family or neighbors trying to lay on the Mac vs. Windows holy war. In my opinion, the choice of operating system does not really matter. Easy from a point of view, each with a point and click interface which is relatively easy to use. Both will take you to the Internet, and lets you send and receive e-mail. Both offer word processing, and the documents they create are interchangeable. Since Windows that up to 90% of the market, which is less expensive. It is the law of supply and demand in operation. And in some areas, in May it is difficult to find or provide technical support for repair of Apple Macintosh computers. Therefore, if you're budget-minded, and you do not have friends willing to help with Mac problems, I suggest you go with a Windows PC. A good entry-level computer with monitor can be bought for less than $ 400, and sometimes also get a printer in the agreement. So what should we look for a newcomer in terms of speed, monitor, memory and hard drive characteristics? You do not have to be all that confusion ...
What about horses? CPU (Central Processing Plant, or treatment for short) is the brain of your computer. The sooner the better. Processor speeds are measured in gigahertz (GHz), and at the time of writing models fastest available operate at about 4 GHz. Entry-level machines start at around 1.5 GHz and is more than enough to surf the Web, e-mail and word processing. If you see a computer with a processor that has a certain speed in megahertz (MHz) away - they are older models.
Thanks for the Memory
The next decision that has to do is how much RAM you need. Not to be confused with RAM disk (file) space. RAM memory is temporary work that uses the computer to perform calculations and manipulate files. When you open a document is copied from disk to RAM. As you and your word processor to work on the file, copy the modified exists only in RAM. When you save the file, it is copied from RAM to the hard drive, or permanent storage. And as with CPU power, more RAM you have, the better the team conduct. I recommend that at least 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM, 512 MB, but you will notice improved performance.
Hard (hard) Decisions
your hard disk is permanent storage of files. All his personal files, such as word processing, photos, music and e-mails are stored here, as well as software and operating systems. Most new computers come with a hard drive of 40 gigabytes (GB) or more. I recommend you start with a 80 GB hard disk or more, if you store many photos or music on your computer. Go
the big screen
This is the formula: a larger screen = less eyestrain, and less travel. I recommend a 17-inch, or even 19 inches if you do not mind spending a little more. Do not worry about brand names here, they are all more or less the same. Stay away from 14 or 15-inch monitors, which are too small to be practical. What
About Software? Most software you need is pre-installed on your new PC. Windows comes with Internet Explorer (for Web browsing) and Outlook Express (e). Many PC systems include a word processor like Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, or OpenOffice. If your computer does not come with one of these, I propose to buy Microsoft Works, which will give MS Word, a spreadsheet similar to Excel and other applications. Find a computer that comes with antivirus software pre-installed. If it does not come with an anti-virus packages, contact the manufacturer to see if they offer something for free. If not, you can download for free <a target = _blank href = http://free.grisoft.com AVG package.
Summary
So, in summary, here are my recommendations: <ul> <li> looking for a Windows XP PC with monitor for $ 400 <li> Processor: 1, 5 <li> GHz or better RAM: 256 MB or better <li> Hard drive: 80 GB or more <li> Monitor: 17 inches or more <li> Software: Microsoft Works and AVG Anti-Virus < / Ul>
Where should you buy? Check your local computer store first, they have some bargains in May and offers local support. Office supply and electronics stores such as Staples, Office Depot and Best Buy are good options to explore, too. If you want to buy online, see Dell.com and Gateway.com offer. BOB Rankin ... is a technology writer and programmer who enjoy exploring the Internet and share the fruits of their experience with others. His work has appeared in Computer World, Netguide, and New York Newsday. Bob is publisher of the newsletter Internet Tourbus, author of several books and creator of the site LowfatLinux.com. For more articles and free technical support, the http://www.AskBobRankin.com http://www.AskBobRankin.com

วันจันทร์, กันยายน 22, 2008

How to Read Zener Diode Code

Many professionals do not know how to read a code Zener diode. There are many types of code that are fixed on the body. Appearance and shape of a Zener some time scanning to be wrong be a sign of a normal diode. To distinguish, seeks the code number on the body if it is a Zener diode, or LED. Thank you for producers that their main boards are printed with the word ZD , which refers to the Zener and D : a diode. But my experience printed circuit marked D can also represent Zener diode. It is an illusion to believe in a Zener diode is a technique. We as a technician or engineer must know or be sensitive to the mark. The only way to know is in reference to the code number printed on the body of the semiconductor element of a book of data. Without data book is very difficult to know the real tension of the Zener diode. If you do not produce data, you can go to the Google search engine and enter the following code and we hope you can answer this question! A Zener diode replacement in May led his team and sometimes malfunctions, and even helping his team. Time and money are lost because of lack of knowledge by finding the right Zener voltage. If you do not find the code, and you do not need to worry because this newsletter is there to guide you on how to read the code Zener diode. 5-1 = 5.1Volt Zener 5V1 Zener 5.1Volt = 12 = 12 Volt Zener 12V = 12 Volt Zener BZX85C22 = 22Volt 1 Watt Zener diode (see ECG Philips Semiconductors MASTER GUIDE REPLACEMENT) BZY85C22 = 22Volt 1 / 2 Watt Zener diode (see ECG Philips Semiconductors MASTER GUIDE REPLACEMENT) Note: There is also a room number, which BZVXXXXX where you have to find ECG book semiconductors. 1N4746 = 18 volts to 1 Watt Zener diode (see ECG Philips Semiconductors MASTER GUIDE REPLACEMENT) 6C2 = 6.2 volts Zener diode. (If you look at the Zener code is written in 6C2 reading from top to bottom) will not play at the top or bottom of the value you get is 2C6 you can not find the book! I think many wonder how will I live to the code of 6C2. They relate to the ECG book, you have to look for part numbers Hz That the average temperature instead of finding 6C2, HZ6C2 research and get the answer! The reduction of tension Zener that I found was 2.4 volts and the highest was 200 volts 5 watts. Conclusion be alert when control of part of a series of Zener diodes. Do not always think that a small diode signal is always a Zener diode. Look closely at the mark of the main card and read a portion of the Zener figures refer to book semi-conductors, preferably semiconductor book ECG data can be retrieved from local electronics. With this knowledge in mind, you can find success with the correct voltage of a Zener diode. Jestin Yong is an electronic workshop and a writer. For more information on the repair of electronics, visit their website at http: / / www.noahtec.com http://www.noahtec.com

Learn About The Three Basic Types Of Computer Mouse

1) Mechanical: This is the type of mouse with a rubber or metal ball at the bottom and you can pull in all directions. Sensors using the mouse, which are mechanical, detect the direction in which the ball moves and you move the pointer around the screen in the same direction. A mouse pad should be used in the mouse to operate. 2) Optomechanical: This type is the same as the mechanical mouse, except it uses optical sensors to the movement of the ball. A mouse pad should be used in the mouse to operate. 3) Optical: This type uses a laser to detect the movement of the mouse. From trenger in musematten ikke, men du kan bruker en optiske for mus. Optical mice have no moving mechanical parts. Such react more quickly and with precision mechanical and optomechanical mice, and now they have been for some time is quite comparable. How does a mouse to connect your computer? Mouse-series: these messages directly connect to a serial RS-232C or port PS/2port. This is the simplest type of connection. PS / 2 plug into a PS / 2 port. Mouse USB wireless mouse: These are not physically connected to your computer. They are based on infrared or radio waves to communicate with the computer. Wireless is more expensive than buses and serial mouse. The good thing is that there is no cable to limit or get in the way. About the author Bonnie Archer is a successful author and editor http://www.A1-computers.net http://www.A1-computers.net. A major source of information on computers and accessories.

วันอาทิตย์, กันยายน 21, 2008

Computer Components for Idiots

There are many fancy add-ons for computers, but the basic elements of the machine is simple and universal. If 1 of these key elements missing, is not a team. 4 essential elements of each system are: a motherboard, processor (CPU), memory and a hard drive. These components are installed in a case that is attached to a monitor, keyboard and mouse. As the basis of his team. Mother WHAT? The main board (motherboard for short) is based. Anything attached to the motherboard - processor, memory, hard drive, monitor, mouse, keyboard, add-on cards, even other devices such as printers, scanners and speakers. The main card is that the nervous system and skeleton of the human body - which supports the internal components and also send information between computer components. If the CPU motherboard is the nervous system and the CPU is the brain. Most mathematical manipulations that make computers operate are done by the CPU. Other components that may have their own processors, but results are not yet awarded by the CPU. The speed of your computer is usually measured by the speed of CPU. Although other factors also affect the overall speed, the CPU rating is generally regarded as the most important measure of performance. The processors are generally estimated at between 2.0 GHz and 3.0 GHz, although each month to see an improvement in performance. The initiative refers to the number of calculations the processor can do in 1 second. The highest number, the faster (better) equipment. CPU generate much heat does this work, so they need a cooling fan, and to avoid overheating. The heat is a big enemy of the computer and directly affects their lives. Of RAM (Random Access Memory) is the part of the computer that stores information on computer needs while it is in use. It is Random Access because the computer can receive data in any order, not necessarily the order in which they are stored. Overall, more RAM, the better. 512 to 1024 megabytes is common for memory. The most common of these days RAM is DDR SDRAM, which is double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory. We already know that part of RAM. DDR means that data are available twice faster than regular RAM. The last type of DDR2 memory. It offers even faster access to prices and quickly became the standard for computer memory. Hard drive all data in RAM is lost when the computer is off, so there must be a place to store them permanently. That is what the drive is for. Keep your operating system. An operating system like Windows uses around 4 gigabytes of disk space. The extra space is used to install applications and store personal data. 80 GB hard drives are common, but 400 GB are available. In addition, you can install more than 1 in one case for more security and comfort. All the devices you need to supplement the basic equipment of the system is a monitor, keyboard and mouse. Accessories such as a printer or scanner is useful for office work, and players probably want to add speakers and joystick control. Therefore, you have one. The team have just 7 major components. For best performance, they must be well integrated. The main map is the most important in determining the type and specification of other parties. Choosing a motherboard that matches the needs of your team is the first step in May and need a quick call to your Geek. Soon you will be regarded as the local Geek! Ron King is a full-time researcher, writer and Web developer. Visit http://www.build-computer-now.com target = _blank Build-computer to learn more about this fascinating subject. Copyright 2005 Ron King. This article can be reprinted if the resource box is left intact.

Does Size Really Matter In Our Digital Age?

Well, we've all seen the ad, but that's not what I mean, if you get your head immediately. No, come to think of what some call the Queen of the Arts - namely painting. Did you ever walk around a large art gallery and the admiration of the works of Tintoretto, Raphael, the agent or a master painter who has produced huge canvases? On the other hand, we have many examples of great works of art and miniatures cameo. In fact, in all sizes between these two extremes, evidence of creative genius can be found throughout history. However, it is clear that the relationship between size and creative genius is poor. Just the size of the event, whatever the quality feel the width is not the first element of a masterpiece. Yes, we are fascinated by the Sistine Chapel, for example, by the scale paintings, but the genius painter who draws the eye. It is also true, but that the artist tugs at our hearts, for an amount of detail involved in a large format allows. In the same vein, large format and medium format cameras have traditionally been working for professional photographers in many years. In a previous article, I suggested that there will always be room for film, especially for users with large formats. Now we crux of the matter, because in the digital language, wealth of detail evident in the large format is expressed in the file size. Unlike physical dimensions that can not be changed after the work was committed to recording or film or canvas size is the digital file is not limited. Of course, when the image is different from the original course, such as image compression, it is a loss of quality such as JPEG Although the use of a transformation without loss adds to the image is preserved only what is available. However, it is part of the revolutionary software image manipulation that makes it completely change the image that comes as a Photoshop plug-in for Photoshop 6.0 or higher and is called Original fractals and this is what the authors argue, is an indispensable tool for photographers, graphic designers and professional digital photos, real fractals allows you to create an independent resolution images in the folder of all sizes and can print high-quality extensions without degradation of the quality of the digital image storage for photos with this package as a very small file-STN, the loss can create up to 70 MB and beyond. When you save and open this file in Photoshop, a real kick fractal and can easily produce files of a certain size, I was surprised by this software, and began to wonder what the impact could be both digital photos and medium / large business. Of course, as already indicated, this increase in size for not putting more information in the shooting. Once again, or make a fool 67, a slide of 35 mm to improve image quality and many photographers who continue to libraries. The digital photographers can get even more benefits through strengthening the size of the original file using fractals, extensions before printing. This can be very useful for wedding photographers who want the advantages of using a digital camera, but is pleased with the quality of extensions often requested. Using fractals can save time, money and effort by eliminating the need for a backup camera film. On the other hand, the real fractals can produce the best result with photos taken in the film, then scanned, because the noise in the original image is not removed when enlarged, in fact, will become more apparent . This means that as of mid-range camera shots are probably the worst film prices on the enlargement of photographs taken by 10 million pixels + with a new version 3.5 of fractals has just been published, a test in May value and May will be worth the investment, as well. Therefore, if you want to explore a little more, get a copy of the amateur photographer for October 23, 2004, and reading your consideration of this exciting program. You can get a free copy of the software itself evidence of this link: http://www.dcp-systems.co.uk target = _New http://www. dcp-systems. co. Why UK with a medium format camera to 35 mm when caressed by the software will increase? Oh, I know I will have classes purist, even to suggest something so stupid, given superior lenses and better optics, but for some people who may be the world. If this article has opened the possibility of a better way to full independence, that's all that matters. Therefore, we should not run peers say that size does not matter, and I have assigned medium format cameras in the dustbin of history. No, I'm just shining in the spotlight as a odd, since the currency digital and film, a film in the air. Who knows how it will be on the Earth? At least I have 50/50 chance of Law About the author of a series of articles by Robert Hart Ness, independent and successful author of a hotlinked, flip chart, e-book, published on the site in October 2004. It provides a step by step on the threshold of free photography and is illustrated with 40 photos. hailed as an important reference source for serious independent. More information and reservations link - http://www.cashfromyourcamera.com target = http:// _New www.cashfromyourcamera.com Press Release: Www.prweb.com/releases/2004/10/prweb168698.php http:// target = _New http://www.prweb.com/ releases/2004/10/prweb168698.php

You Can Prevent Computer Slowdowns & Issues

Most people understand preventive maintenance as changing the oil in your car will help your car run better and last longer. The same principle applies to your PC. Based on the repair of equipment we do on computers in Cincinnati, we believe that 80% of delays and problems can be avoided! The purpose of this article is to help you understand how to prevent delays and other problems. Top 10 ways to prevent the decline team are they? 1. Make sure your anti-virus software is installed, automatically check for updates and automatically scan all files. If a virus is associated with a new file will be repaired or quarantined. New viruses appear each day. For this reason, anti-virus software must be configured to automatically update itself. Norton and McAfee are the most popular antivirus software, and what we recommend. 2. Run anti-spyware / anti-adware software. Spyware and adware are in the hands of the most common cause of computer delays. This software is essential if you browse the Internet. Spybot Search & Destroy and Ad-aware is the most common anti-spyware/adware free packages. We recommend a more proactive approach that packages proactively Spy Sweeper, which scans your system and costs less than $ 30 A combination of Spy Sweeper and Ad-aware offers a very good coverage today. 3. Installing a hardware firewall to keep hackers. Hackers have automated tools that are on the lookout for any PC connected to the Internet without a firewall. To give you an idea at the time of this writing, my PC was scanned 158 times in the last 24 hours. This means that explored an average of 9 minutes each. If you are connected to the Internet, but do not have a firewall, hackers (criminals) will be on your PC. In addition to steal your information as you can install programs May damage or slow PC. A hardware firewall to protect all the computers on your LAN offers the best protection. Hardware firewalls are Linksys, NETGEAR and D-Link. Hardware firewalls are easier to establish and maintain a firewall. Software firewall, but it is not recommended because they are complex to maintain and often leads to misunderstandings and other problems. 4. Microsoft Windows is in constant decline updates for your operating system. Most of these updates are repairing security holes in its software. You want to configure the computer automatically check for and download critical updates when they become available. 5. Delete temporary Internet files monthly. This will keep the system clean and allowing it to run faster. 6. Defragment your hard drive every quarter. This is not the problem, but there are benefits to defraging hard disk on a regular basis. 7. Read the terms before signing or download some free on the Internet. Free downloads such as Kazaa (music), games, toolbars, coupons and often with adware or spyware. The terms and conditions explain adware downloads can be installed on your computer from people in exchange for free software, music, pizza or something like that. Of course, some people reading these words. 8. Do not open e-mail from strangers. Do not open attachments from people you know if you do not expect. Call the person that sent it. If not, do not open it. E-mail unknown and unexpected attachments May contain adware or spyware waiting to be installed on your computer. WO probably not install if you do not open e-mail or attachments. (Note: If you use e-mail software with a preview pane of Microsoft Outlook e-mail, mail preview is the same as the opening. You must disable this feature. Unlock preview pane in the display the list in Outlook.) 9 Use the Firefox browser www.mozilla.org. It is safer and less vulnerable to pop-ups, viruses, slow computer, etc. It also has other category, and other options are not available with other browsers. 10. We talked about preventive maintenance, but problems still occur. Hard drives fail. The computers are stolen, etc. Because of these risks, it is important to safeguard their data on a regular basis. The best backups are stored off site. This can be done with an Internet service or store data on a CD and take it to another location on a regular basis. In short, a guarantee of regular preventive maintenance will keep your computer better. We recommend you do these things yourself, or a computer to perform a dynamic professional and ensure that these measures are preventive maintenance in the workplace and on a monthly basis. This will avoid delays and computer problems! John Danielle Sverdfisk Biter and equipment Computer Solutions to help people prevent delays computer and resolving hardware problems. They do this through the provision of IT outsourcing http://www.SwordfishCS.com equipment, including network services, repair, training, website development and design in Cincinnati, Ohio. John can be reached http://www.SwordfishCS.com http://www.SwordfishCS.com.

How To Save Big Bucks On A Laptop Computer

If you are a buyer who wants to negotiate to get the most for your money, you will find no shortage of offers on the Internet. This applies particularly in the rapidly changing world of laptops, where we have three sources of bargaining at its disposal: 1 phase of the sale that many of the brick and mortar many Web sites store manufacturer of cleaning equipment sections. In these pages you will find bargains last year on the left overs. This is all new products (unless otherwise specified) and run the original warranty. The only difference is that the price is reduced. Of course, manufacturers are not alone in the clearance of goods. Major electronics retailers and office supplies also includes the cleaning of parts of their websites, where you can find the laptop to negotiate their dreams. 2. Laptop renovated factory Refurbished represents another opportunity to negotiate. It works something like: <ul> <li> Joe Blow to buy a new laptop, but decided a week later, you do not like the color. He <li> to return to the store said the store return period, so the store is stuck with him. Since CA <li> not sell the laptop as a new, the store returns to the manufacturer to be reformed . <li> plant the laptop to check that everything works well, and then send it to a dealer who deals in the Refurb. Updated <li> dealer then sells to you in a big discount off the original price. </ ul> Buy a new can save hundreds. 3. Auctions, you can always log on auction site and found a large amount used in laptops. However, look! Buy used, it involves certain risks. Buying a used laptop contains more risk than most people should be prepared to take. When you buy a laptop computer used by a private party, you do not get any warranty beyond DOA. DOA means equal , a term common in the auction means that the seller mandate of the labor issue when it comes to your home. But what if your laptop dies two weeks after his arrival? You're lucky, it is. There are enough offerings ensures that all laptops, but the most limited budgets to be able to avoid buying used. Stay for cleaning and replacement of machinery and will save hundreds of your next laptop. Copyright (c) 2004 HowToBuyALaptop.com. About the author The author, computer journalist John San Filippo, has created the guide to help you navigate your laptop jungle. Visit the site today and find everything you need to know about the laptop before buying. Take a look at: http://HowToBuyALaptop.com/ target = _New http://HowToBuyALaptop.com/

วันเสาร์, กันยายน 20, 2008

An Introduction to HD-DVD

High density digital versatile disc format is an optical digital is being developed. The HD DVD is similar to competition Blu-ray Disc. He is currently in a format war with Blu-ray Disc proposed by the Blu-ray Disc Association. HD DVD has a single layer and 15GB dual layer capacity of 30 GB of capacity. The surface layer is 0.6mm thick, which is the same thickness of the surface layer as standard DVDs. HD DVD is cheaper to produce Blu-ray, which requires new tools for DVD production lines. Another advantage of Blu-ray Disc is the structure that makes DVD players, therefore, for full compatibility of HD DVD will be able to play DVDs and CDs. But it is now likely that Blu-ray Drive is backward compatible with DVDs. HD-DVD offers plenty of storage capacity needed for all types of recorded content, including high definition movies and music, as well as computer data and files. There are two types of HD-DVD content for the discs, single-layer disc and 15GB dual layer with twice the capacity, a total of 30 GB. Using the latest technology for compression, 30Bg disc can store up to 7 hours of images. Today, the DVD has a capacity of 4.7 GB, and the store only 2 hours of standard definition content. HD-DVD discs have a data rate of 36.55Mbps which allows the flow of data from 24 Mbps to digital television broadcasts that were recorded without a problem. The use of HD-DVD in the world each day, has many advantages over other technologies for optical communications. Resilience HD DVD disc has a protective layer, which eliminates the need for a protective cartridge, so that the development of thin pieces of equipment. She added The bulk of a disk cartridge which has also caused the use of laptops in a cartridge-based optical disc media to increase significantly the size to provide more space in the device you Need. Red Chuck site running on both http://www.blueray-media.co.uk http://www.blueray-media.co.uk Blu Ray and HD DVD formats http://www.hddvd media. co. uk / http://www.hddvd-media.co.uk/

How To Choose A Computer Case

Things to consider when selecting a team in the past, these cases are very similar? Clones of the same boring beige box. With all the opportunities today, it is no longer the case, and people can use their chassis as a means to express themselves and to set up its system outside of the rest. Although the look can be a big, is not the only factor in the selection process, and the following must be taken into consideration when buying a new computer. 1. Form Factor There are various sizes of the motherboard, which in turn require different cases from their homes. If form factors share the names of the motherboard that supports, and some of the town which includes ATX, Micro ATX (mATX), FlexATX and Mini CD. ATX motherboard is perhaps the most common and largest of four in most measure 12 x 9.6 (305 x 244mm). On board is highly Micro ATX 9.6 x 9.6 (244mm x 244mm), a FlexATX is 9.0 x 7.5 (229mm x 191mm) and a mini CD comes in a small 6.7 x 6.7 (170mm x 170mm). ATX and mATX are by far the most popular size of the motherboard motherboard for consumption, and therefore, most cases are designed to support one or other of these dimensions. A mATX motherboard, of course, it can fit in a box under a ATX motherboard, it is different size cases available to match. Large cases are largely consistent with the low minor factor motherboard, but the reverse is not true. For example, someone with this Amptron mATX motherboard can save a couple of inches and install it in this case mATX height of 14.25, or pick up something black ATX case which is slightly higher than 16.5. Many branded systems (which you can purchase and binaries with pre-installed software) is usually a combination of a standard form factor (such as a mATX) with some form of conception of property (usually on the panel move forward and cabling) and buying a new case of this type of motherboard can be difficult. Some systems also marks the use of less commonly used factors such as NLX and LPX (which strip cards used for expansion slots) and search for a replacement for cases of this type of system can be very difficult and expensive job. A small system May be desirable when space is limited, but larger form factor cases provide more room for hard drives and other peripherals, a smaller motherboard May be better suited to a larger problem of such a system. 2. Size size can go hand in hand with the form factor in many aspects, but also take into account cases in the same form factor, there May be variations in size, in some respects. Areas where size can vary are the objectives in general, the number of exposed 5.25 and 3.5 bays, and the number of internal bays. ATX case must obviously be large enough to hold a ATX motherboard, and some are large enough, while others seem cavernous in comparison. If a case has to fit under a low platform, or between elements of a certain thickness, it is important to choose an appropriate size of the case. The cases are two basic configurations in light of its size and shape, either on the desktop or tower. Desktop cases are wider than they are high and is oriented so the motherboard add flat, while cases have been towers of the motherboard upright, and come in three heights? mini-tower, half, and the whole tour. Tour of cases are more frequent these days, and now is the only style in the team event geek inventory. The number of discs generally exposed directly related to the overall size of the case. The most vulnerable ports 5.25 May be advisable for those with more than a DVD or CD-ROM drive, removable drive racks, and fan controllers. 3.5 Deferred berries are generally concerned about the floppy disks, Zip drives, fan controllers, and things like this 9-in-1 card reader, and in most cases you can get one or two of these bays , At most. This case is very similar in appearance to another, but they have a difference that could be an important factor. Both have postponed four bays 5.25, but it has two bays of 3.5 while the other one. If a user has a floppy drive and 9-in-1 card reader, which must choose either to install one, or use an adapter and take one of the bays with 5.25. Internal bays are generally reserved for hard disks, and systems with multiple drives require the necessary space. Therefore, if a user decides if they wanted a yellow, but it needs to five drives, which would be forced to choose a gift (5 internal drive bays) over this (4 internal drive bays). 3. Air cooling is an important consideration when selecting a team like that. High-end can generate a good amount of heat, and the issue should be refrigerated to keep the system working and stable. The basic configuration for cooling the case of hiring a fan near the bottom of the front and an exhaust fan on the back. This will allow cooler air to be drawn in, went on various elements generate heat and covered in the back. There are many other cooling configurations available that can provide improvements in the form of cooling and noise. One way to reduce noise, and May move more air, is a case of use of 120 mm (4) fans instead of the usual 80mm (3) fans, that the biggest fans do not need turn so quickly push the same volume of air. The Z-Alien uses a 120 mm fan of the exhaust system has also another important element for good ventilation. The grid fan is very open, which means that there will be a minimum of resistance to air flow and reduce the noise of the air Rushes past. Many fans grids are designed to pierce the case of metals, and do not provide enough space for good air circulation. Another approach is to improve the cooling fans shed more heat. The matrix case, adding another fan to the side panel that will draw cool air in the upper right on the processor and video card, two of the hottest topics in a system. Other issues add an exhaust fan at the beginning of the case, which conducts heat like a fireplace. Regardless of the approach, cooling is an area that requires careful consideration when it comes to case today for great power systems. 4. Installation of mounting a system in a case can be a matter of time, which can be annoying for them in a continuous cycle of improvement. Many cases now includes features that make installation easier and less time and some of the features of the facility should include a tray for the motherboard mobile removable drive cages, tools, unless the card ' extension mounts, tool less side panels, and tool-less drive rail systems. Being able to remove the motherboard tray and drive cage, it is easier to work in these areas outdoors, and a tool-less system for mounting devices or card means, it is not need for screws or a screwdriver. Certainly save time! Despite the inclusion in the team geek site does not X-Blade ATX case has both a removable drive cage tools and small unit of the rail system, according to the review. 5. Articles convenience is not enough of a case at home now need to multi-task. A regularly used connections on the front or top of the case is a common feature of convenience that many seek. Case, for example, AZ-Alien model allows users to forget the problems around the back of your case to connect things like USB, Firewire, headphone and microphone jacks are located at the top. Other cases are available to take to another level, including watches, digital thermometers meters to monitor specific components, fan controllers and maintain a healthy balance between noise and cooling performance. 6. Style A few years ago, cases have occurred in a single color and style of the base? boxes of light beige color. If you are nostalgic for the old days, cases of computers, Computer Geek is still for sale in this style, KG-200. But now, cases of styles, from mild to wild, and a color rainbow. Some have large windows on the side panel to view the inside of the case, which include special lighting effects, and some leather that could scare children. At this stage, there seems to be some restrictions on the design, but there are still cases of updated classic style of colors for those who want something modern, but nothing is too intense. 7. Power Supply are often sold with a power included, but food May not be suitable for the system to be installed in it. An adequate supply of energy should be chosen to meet the requirements of the system, and this means much in May an additional purchase of energy supplies to replace, or choose another question of a more appropriate size of energy supply. For example, some decide their May high-end gaming system would go far in this case ATX black, but it included 300W power supply can not be strong enough for world-class graphics card, multiple hard disks, cooling water, and other power-hungry devices can be installed. Conclusion There are many factors that go into choosing a suitable case for a computer system, including the seven mentioned above. What we have until the end of May that the most important factor was not discussed, but you can expect to be treated by balancing the importance of these factors? prices. Computer cases can cost a few U.S. dollars to several hundred dollars, which means a tight budget, you can decide which of the other is all that really matters. Jason Kohrs http://www.geeks.com team Geek http://www.geeks.com/pix/techtips.htm technology tips and advice http://www.geeks.com/pix/techtips.htm team

Buying Cheap Refurbished Laptops

When comparing the laptop models refurbished to ask these specifications: CPU: CPU or processor is the heart of the computer. The software you want in most laptops refurbished, the most powerful processor should be. A 32-bit processor is less powerful and less expensive than 64-bit processor. Operating system: The operating system or OS, is the graphic interface between you and what programs are running. Windows and Unix are the two main families of operating systems. Windows is the most common interface, and therefore less expensive. Screen size: Small does not necessarily cheaper, and some smaller models are as powerful as some larger models but more portable. The size of your hard disk: hard disk, or HD, is the permanent information storage disk inside the device. HD capacity is measured in gigabytes. One GB is one billion bytes. A byte is a piece of information, such as text, sound or image. The largest is the HD, the more software that can handle more expensive and the laptop will be. Hard Drive Speed: HD speed is measured in RPM? usually 5.000 to 15,000 RPM. The faster the HD, the best and most expensive laptop will be. Random Access Memory: RAM storage chip continually updates information while using the computer. Today, 64 MB is the entry-level size, suitable for running many programs at once. The largest storage capacity of memory, the most powerful and it is expensive. Media Bay: The media bay contains the slots to play CDs and DVDs. Older laptops that does CD, while new laptops, you can read the CD and / or DVD. There are more features in check by the media, the more you can do with your laptop, and rather than consumption. Modem: Modems can take the form of dial-up telephone modem, or fast cable connection or direct satellite modems. The faster your type of modem, the easier will be able to surf the Web and more costly your laptop will be. The price will be affected by all these specifications, with additional features, how well preserved the chassis, ie the manufacturer's name, and if you buy the laptop from the factory or through d a private concessionaire. Private dealers charge less, but beware: not all retailers are on an equal footing with the renewal of their abilities. Make sure you go to that reputable and experienced. Laptop http://www.i-refurbishedlaptops.com refurbished provides detailed information on quality, refurbished laptops cheap by manufacturers such as Dell, IBM, HP and Toshiba, as well as laptops Refurbished batteries and related products. Some computers are refurbished sister site http://www.e-rackmountcomputer.com Info Rack Mount Computers Web.

Video Cards: Is AGP Dead?

If you are looking to upgrade your video card you have heard a lot about PCI Express and SLI. Do not go buy a new computer and still have AGP motherboard just thrown in the trash. The truth is that you can probably make some simple improvements to his current team for a couple of years in the party. Of course, if you have a slow processor and / or less than an 8x AGP motherboard, you need to do more than upgrade the video card. But in most cases, teams are only a few years and really have a lot of processing power. The three things that we see his memory, motherboard and graphics cards. To make the most of the last games you want to have at least 1 GB of RAM. It's very simple, update only takes a few minutes. For more information on how to improve memory, you can go on my site. Secondly, ensure that your AGP slot on the motherboard is currently 8x. If the motherboard and memory to meet those standards you are hell. A new video card is likely to float at least a year, probably two, if you get a top of the card online. The thing to remember is that PCI Express is the latest technology and not as widespread as it is AGP. Game companies make as much money as possible each game. For this reason, it is a matter of playing games with the broadest range of platforms. When you think about it, it is easy to see how the AGP will be useful for a long time. For more information on AGP cards of the visit http://gaming-computers.net/productreviews_graphicscards.html video card review section of my site. If your motherboard is not at par or processor is exceeded, it is time for an update. If you are a do-it-yourself that I am, you should seek to strengthen his own team. It is not as difficult as it seems May, and can save you a lot of money. Nathan Holsinger is the publisher of the game-http: / / games computers.net Computers.net a website on building and upgrading computers.

Testing Diode -The Accurate Way on How to Test Semiconductor Diode Using Multimeter

Diodes test is different from a test of strength because you need the ability to do so. If you do not know if a test diode can not repair the equipment. A bad diode that I think is a good thing. This will certainly lose valuable time. A rectifier diode can fail in one of four ways. Can be:-Open-

short-Leaky-
during the collapse in full operating voltage of an analog multimeter or digital multimeter can be used to verify if all the first three conditions with the exception of where the last diode breakdown in full operating voltage. From my experience in the repair of the line of electronics, I found that checking diode using analog multimeter is more accurate than using a digital multimeter. I could explain why I preferred analog meter. I do not know about you, because I find a good number of diodes where it checked ok using digital multimeter, but not when tested with analog gauges. The first step on the way to test a diode is to remove one of Diodes lead. You ca not always be certain if a diode is good or bad if it happens in the test circuit because of back circuits through other components. To be sure, will promise, or connect an LED driver circuit to avoid back circuits. Unless you are sure that the Committee expected. Sometimes I found Diodes poor while registering on board. His experience will tell you when to check a diode on the board or off board. If you're new to the repair of electronics, I recommend you check a diode with a lead removed from the board. I put my analog meter to x1 ohms to verify the diode current and reverse the headlong rush into the tests. Connect the black investigation on the counter to the cathode and red probe to the anode, the diode is reverse biased and should be something like a reading. Connect the red survey on the counter to the cathode and black probe to the anode, the diode is biased and before the meter should read a value of the resistance. If you have two polls more than likely that the diode is short-circuit or leak and must be replaced. If you do not receive any reading either forward or reverse bias, the diode is considered open. The real problem when checking a diode using diodes based on a digital counter that is open or leaky diode, the meter sometimes reads ok (0.6). The reason is that digital Dies meter test output voltage (which can measure the output of the probe test with a different measure) is about 500mV to 2v. An analog meter to x1 ohms have on production 3V (remember the two 1.5V battery has been installed on the counter). The voltage of 3V is sufficient to show that the exact interpretation of a diode when it is put to the test. Even if you have a good reading on x1 ohms does not mean that the diode is good. Now you must configure your accountant x10K to test the diode again. The output voltage of x10k ohms is about 12V (remember 9V battery in your player 1,5-1.5 V v 9 v = 12V). ATTER diode test should show a single reading. This is an exception to the Schottky diode with two polls, but not short-reading. If the meter showed one reading then diode under test is good. If you have two polls more likely that the diode is either short circuit or leak. The digital meter on no evidence, because the exit of the subway is only 500mV at 2V. If a diode breakdown when the full operating voltage, there is no way of testing diode (unless you have a very expensive diode checker to find this type of problem). Replace with a diode work is often the only way to prove that an intermittent diode is causing a particular problem. Sometimes an intermittent injection diode can find with a cooling spray. Caution: Make sure the power is cut off from any circuit before performing any of the following diode control, otherwise meter or circuit could cause damage. In conclusion, to get the right test diode function, you must set the analog meter x1 ohms and x10K ohm range. Jestin Yong is an electronic workshop and a writer. For more information on the repair of electronics, visit their website at http: / / www.noahtec.com / electronic-repair-articles.htm http://www.noahtec.com/electronic-repair Articles. htm

To Upgrade or Not?

To upgrade or not? That is the question. At least since the launch of the new Athlon 64 FX-57, which is the question I thought. Although the FX-55, (I lead) was everything I had hoped it would be, is the new FX-57 so much better? Well, let's take a look. The Athlon 64 FX-57 has a higher clock speed of 200 MHz to 2.8 GHz compared to 2.6 GHz in the FX-55. AMD does not stop there, but added a few extras to improve performance. The chip core is based on a revised version of the K8 core code-named San Diego (1 MB L2 cache), which provides the size of the chip die at 90 nm to 130 nm. This is possible through the construction of the chip, AMD latest SOI (silicon and insulator) technology. The FX-57 has a better memory controller, making it more flexible in terms of allowing you to use different sizes in the same channel DIMM. Thus, the FX-57 soon? It is quick shout, but there is enough improvement to justify an upgrade? So it depends a bit on you. If you must have the latest processor and this is for you. With $ 1000 + price, I would be prepared to say that the Athlon 64 FX-57 is a bit too expensive for most users, or to include the fans (myself included). Especially if you spent $ 800 - $ 900 in an FX-55 only six months ago that I did. Another factor to consider is the future of processors. With a change in the industry dual-core processors as Athlon 64 X2, Athlon 64 FX-57 AMD May will be the last installment in the single processor market. Now, however, the FX-57-yet made (as of Thursday), even the fastest dual-processor heart, the Athlon 64 X2 4800 +. This is because most games are not built to take advantage of a dual processor heart, not yet anyway. So for now, FX-57 processor is the fastest games on the market. Nicholas Spriggs is the author and creator of the computer to guide and is dedicated to the most accurate on computers and all things related
http://www.desktop-computer http: /-guide.com / Www.desktop computer-guide.com - Your guide to computers

วันศุกร์, กันยายน 19, 2008

A Guide to Refurbished Laptops

Computing freedom, independence, mobility and should not come with a high price. Manufacturers refurbish laptop computers that were returned. The May have a computer screen scratches and other minor errors. In some cases, the laptop was unwanted gift or its packaging was dented. The laptop is inspected by the manufacturer, quality testing, and packaged for sale at a price which is much lower. While many new laptops can cost thousands of dollars, most laptops refurbished generally cost less than a couple of large, and often less than $ 500. In most cases, as new and has a very low return on investment. Even come with guarantees, as you can expect a new model. A laptop refurbished can satisfy most people for basic needs, such as word processing, software running, reading e-mail, creating spreadsheets, playing CDs , Surf the Internet, and much more. Portable, you can access all these functions from anywhere. All manufacturers provide laptops refurbished laptops, including popular brands such as Dell, IBM, Toshiba and HP. Computer prices are affected by the type of processor operating system, modem, Ethernet, and the size of the hard disk and RAM (Random Access Memory), and if there is a CD / DVD-ROM / RW, a video card, sound card, and ZIP. Prices are also affected by screen size and type of support. The price will be affected by all these specifications, and how well preserved the chassis, ie the manufacturer's name, and if you buy the laptop from the factory or through a dealer private. Private dealers charge less, but beware: not all retailers are on an equal footing with the renewal of their abilities. Make sure you go to that reputable and experienced. Laptop http://www.i-refurbishedlaptops.com refurbished provides detailed information on quality and cheap laptops refurbished by manufacturers such as Dell, IBM, HP and Toshiba, as well as laptops Refurbished batteries and related products. Some computers are refurbished sister site http://www.e-rackmountcomputer.com Info Rack Mount Computers Web.

RAID Disk Recovery

RAID stands for settlement of licensed independent (or inexpensive) disks, a category of discs that use two or more drives in combination for the error tolerance and performance. Records RAID are often used on servers and increasingly used in personal computers. Array is the keyword, which dictates that the healing will be when a situation occurs recovery disk array. In RAID disk repair, and you can expect is a complicated process. But things are going well, because this is an opportunity to restore the lost data is higher than most other types of disks because the typical architecture RAID distributes strategic data randomly across the region. What this type of architecture rising demand for professional expertise is in the mail? S many different levels. In a word, all that levels of RAID disk recovery is a team of cons. RAID 0, 1, 0 +1, RAID 3, 4, RAID 5, RAID 10, RAID hardware, including: AMI, Compaq, Dell, Adaptec, IBM, etc, and the RAID software, including Mac OS, including Windows servers 2K, XP, NT, Linux, Solaris, Novell, etc. Only a RAID RAID systems that most specialists recovery should be familiar with are: Quantum Snap Server; Maxtor MaxAttach; AAA131 Adaptec, Compaq, Dell PERC Systems, IBM, AMI; Mylex And yes, much more! The two main programs in architecture RAID levels are 4 and 5. Level 4 gives prevent the passage of parity with a cheque. When a data disk fails, the parity data is used to create a disk as a substitute. Level 5 provides data transmission at octet banda and the correction of errors, which translates into good results and good fault tolerance. Both types of technology is by far the best friends of the recovery disk RAID that these specialists have been easier to restore if the situation arises. Brad Trigg provide further information about data recovery on our website:
http://www.data-recovery-central.com-Recuperación data-Central.com - Data Recovery RAID

How To Upgrade Your PC

Before you upgrade your PC is better to find all the options and advice. Only after this can go buy a new component. It is also useful to check if they really need an update. Do not update your PC very old because it would cost a lot of money. It is cheaper to buy a new computer in such cases because they are easier to improve later. Upgrading the hard drive: Most people do not really need to update your hard drive, unless you use it to play a lot of music, movies and games. A 20 GB hard drive is sufficient to keep the new office and Internet applications, and all files and data. A medium-size hard drive would be about 40 GB and the maximum would be about 60? 80 GB. To upgrade the hard drive is preferable to a complete audit of the disc, including exploration defrag disk, etc. If you happen to be an average user and the need for more storage space can be added a new impetus to existing ones. Before upgrading, make sure you save the files. Update RAM: RAM, or Random Access Memory is the short-term memory of your PC. It keeps data that is the work of time and can not be transferred to the hard drive that represents the long-term memory on your computer. Current processors can perform many operations per second. The hard disk on the other hand, are much slower to deal with as much information. This is where a high-speed RAM to RAM ahead requires a diet to maintain the data. When the device is switched off data was lost. Virtually all PC, 64 MB RAM and 128 MB often. If you want to run new programs on your PC, you will need an upgrade to 128/256 MB RAM. A large number of people that the upgrade from 98 to Win 2000 discover that their computers lock very often. It is because they do not have enough RAM. CPU update: If you choose this update, you'll speed of execution of instructions, but leaves the RAM and hard disk capacity unchanged. This sister the most cost-effective to improve and increase the effectiveness of your computer significantly. Find professional help before taking a decision. Motherboard: Last day of the motherboard is not as good offering unless you change the CPU and RAM, and to ensure better performance. You update your motherboard, either because the course is not compatible with a processor or faster processor requires a different module. It can be very costly. Imagine if you buy a new PC. Ports: Ports are taken to the rear of the computer where the connection of external devices. PC traveler working in parallel ports. If you need to work hard to external devices such as digital cameras, digital cameras, CD-burners, scanners and then you will need an upgrade to USB and Firewire ports if not already use them. Both tend to be cheaper than the parallel and SCSI devices they replace. Always make sure there are no problems of compatibility with other devices to your PC when you are planning to upgrade the hardware in your computer. If you want to go buy http://www.laptopcomputerscenter.info/ http://www.laptopcomputerscenter.info/ portable laptop for the latest news and information.

Cisco CCNA Certification: An Illustrated Guide To Ethernet CSMA/CD

When you are studying for their exams CCNA you plan to study the theory of technologies that were originally planned in the network. CSMA / CD is one of those technologies. It works very well, and not even have to put in place. But to be effective troubleshooting a network (and pass the 640-811, 640-801, 640-821 and examinations), you need to know Ethernet inside and outside, and that means knowing how CSMA / CD . The first Ethernet 10Base5 standards and 10Base2. Devices such as network platforms, repeat, switches and was not in the picture. The only equipment was the Ethernet cards in computers and coaxial cable. The cable consists of a bus that all devices connected to its use. (This type of bus is called a shared bus.) If only one of the leaders of the network wanted to send data, there would be no problem. When two hosts will be sent at the same time, but was a shock to occur. When the signals are in conflict, both would be unusable. A rule that has been established that guests must follow the rules when they could send data and when they should not. This standard is CSMA / CD, called CSMA / CD. If two of three machines in this segment to send data at the same time, there is a collision. To avoid this, CSMA / CD forces computers to listen Ethernet before sending your order to ensure that no other host on cable messages. When the Ethernet segment is not occupied, the device you want to send data can do. The sender is then continue to listen, to ensure that sending data does not cause a collision. In the case of a collision is heard, both the sender to send a signal via Ethernet jam. This signal shows jam all other Ethernet devices in the segment that there was a collision, and not send data on lead. (Another indication of a collision is the noise created by the collision.) After sending the signal jam, each of shippers is expected that a random period of time before starting the process as a whole. The chance by helping to ensure that both devices do not transmit the same time again. In another tutorial, we will discuss over Ethernet, and core values must be aware of their CCNA examination and be more efficient network troubleshooting. For their success, Chris Bryant ITC # 12933 Chris Bryant, ITC # 12933, is the owner of Bryant Advantage. The Bryant Advantage offers a variety of free CCNA and CCNP tutorials and articles. The Bryant Advantage sells the world's most comprehensive CCNA Study Guide, and my single binary mathematics and Master subnet book. My $ 299 CCNA Fast Track Online is the world's fastest-growing CCNA. Visit http://www.thebryantadvantage.com http://www.thebryantadvantage.com today!

Ten Ways (plus 1) to Save on Printer Ink and Toner Cartridges

Are you tired of having a high price for printing? You're not alone. Many consumers are under arms. For example, who think that paying $ 22 per ounce for the printer ink and $ 150 to $ 300 (or more) for a toner cartridge is. Most major printer manufacturers have adopted the same model marketing as a razor blade, TiVo and mobile phones. In short, you sell the printer lower prices or sell printer ink and toner cartridges for large margins. In many cases, the burden of seven to ten times higher than what it costs to produce these products. In addition, these large companies invest thousands of dollars trying to convince you to buy their products only. They strongly criticize the printer ink and toner cartridges offered by other companies. But did you know that many of these large companies that sell their own cartridges recycled? and still pay full retail price for them! As someone said, in order to get a good education, you can read the small print on the label. With the use of electronic marketing, consumers have more choices than ever. A large number of well known companies that sell printer ink and toner cartridges in significant savings. It is very common to save 50-85% on the purchase of the printer. In addition to significant savings, will be the guarantee of repayment and the end is usually shipped the same day. Well, here are ten ways (plus 1) to save printer ink and toner cartridges: 1. Buy a cartridge inkjet compatible. These panels are composed of new parts and manufactured to meet or exceed OEM exact specifications of the printer. 2. Buy a cartridge inkjet remanufactured. Third-party companies collect empty printer cartridges. They must be filled with ink and test their strength in order to ensure that you get exactly the quality and quantity you expect your inkjet cartridge. 3. Buy a package filling ink. You get step by step, tools and ink printer that you have to fill the ink cartridge in a few minutes. On average, you can fill an inkjet cartridge ten times. 4. The ink jet cartridge wear out. Instead of buying a ribbon brand names, buy a computer or discounts cartridge. Then, when it is compatible cartridge is empty, filled with the printer, ink as it did the original. 5. When you print, always use draft mode until you're ready for printing at the end. 6. Whenever possible, choose black and white. If you are the final product must be in colour, their project can be done in black and white until you've checked everything. Then write their final copy in color. 7. Buy a cartridge compatible. Others companies such as these toner cartridges for all new parts. They are designed to be equal to or greater than the toner cartridge of origin. 8. Buying a remanufactured cartridge. Many companies collect empty toner cartridges. It was empty any residue toner, and then complete the band. The quality control drum and other parts of the tape to ensure maximum performance for the consumer. 9. The purchase of a package filling ink. The kits include tools and instructions needed to complete their own toner cartridge. On average, you can fill out a toner cartridge about three times. 10. When the toner cartridge does not produce print quality that you expect, try to see if it can replace the battery, instead the whole band. This helps keep money in your pocket. 11. Buy more ink and toner cartridges if you can. You'll save a lot on the already discounted price, and probably more free. When you order your printer ink, toner and ink cartridges online, you'll experience the best service, the best guarantee, and the best products available for all their printing needs. About the author Larry Andrew is an educational consultant, author and publisher http://www.ez-printer-ink.com target = _new www.ez-printer-ink. com. Buy printer ink, toner and ink cartridges in the line should be fast, easy and profitable.

ATA vs SATA

Hard Drives: ATA SAT vs performance computer systems have risen faster than processors, memory and video cards that will be developed continuously. The most important component that is often overlooked when you want to improve the performance of a computer's hard disk system. The hard drive manufacturers have continued to change the basic hard drive that is used in modern computer systems over the past 25 years, and in recent years have seen exciting events of the axis speeds faster, largest caches, reliability and greater speed data transmission. The type of device used in most computers of consumers is the sincere unity ATA (often referred to as an IDE). The standard ATA dates back to 1986 and basa in 16-bit parallel interface has undergone numerous changes since its introduction in order to increase the speed and size devices that can support. The last rule is ATA-7 (first introduced in 2001 by the Technical Committee T13 (the group responsible for the standard ATA)), which supports transfer rates of up to 133MB/sec. This should be the last update to the standard parallel ATA. Already in 2000, was the standard parallel ATA was the maximum limits to what they could do. With speeds of data transfer 133MB/sec hit the mark in a parallel cable, it invites all kinds of problems, because the signal timing, EMI (electromagnetic interference), and other issues of data integrity , So that industry leaders met and developed a new standard known as Serial ATA (SAT). SAT has been around a few years, but is intended to become the norm because of several advantages that will be discussed in this Tech Tip. Both technologies will be studied: ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment)? 16-bit parallel interface uses the computer for aircraft control. Innført in 1986, has undergone many changes over the past 18 years, with the latest version is called ATA-7. When an item is referred to as a device ATA, is a common Parallel ATA. ATA devices are also commonly called IDE, Eid, Ultra ATA, Ultra-DMA, ATAPI, ducks, etc. (each of these acronyms are really focus on specific topics, but are generally traded) SAT (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment)? 1-bit series of development of the parallel ATA interface of storage space physics. Basic and seated connections, easy-to-separated with their cousins ATA various data and power connections at the rear of the aircraft. A side-by-side comparison of two interfaces can be seen in this PDF Maxtor, and subsequent cover a large number of differences? The standard ATA, that 200 GB Western Digital model, have something big, two inches wide with a 40-pin data cable and receive connections 5V needs to feed the family 4-pin. The basic data cables for these devices has sought the same for years. This change was made with the introduction of the ATA-5 at a higher level to improve the quality of the signal through a cable 80 son used in 40-pin (they are often called 40-pin/80-wire son). To improve air circulation in any computer system manufacturers use literally take place on the tape recording and cable in the position. Another physical change also came with the advent of cable rounding. The results are rounded cables is the same flat, but many prefer the improved system that provides air flow, ease of cable, refrigerators and appearance that comes with them. Sato, who is 120 GB Western Digital model, a half-inch wide, 7 blade and width of data, which translates into a much thinner and easier to manage data cable. These cables take the cables ATA practice rounded to the next level, because they are even closer, more flexible and able to stay longer without fear of data loss. Sato cables have a maximum length of 1 meter (39.37 inches), which is much higher than the recommended 18 inches for ATA cable. Reducing the footprint of the SAT connections are released into the motherboard space, potentially allowing more convenient for the design and room for more items aboard! A 15-pin connection Power 250mV surrender power necessary for the SAT. 15-pin set sounds like a device that will require a much larger force than a 4-pin cable ATA device, but in reality the two power contacts have been approximately the same height. Today, many units were Sato also comes with a plus 4-pin power connector for practical reasons. Many modern motherboard, because this Chaintech motherboard, hard drives are supplied with SAT connections on board (including, for many contacts ATA and in the development of the legacy compatibility), and new sources of food, that the Ultra X - Connect, a few generally the 15-pin power connections, which makes it easy to use new systems. Older systems can be easily upgraded to support the devices put to use maps, for example, the PCI free, and the driver made a 4-pin, 15-pin package adapter. The scanners are becoming more easily accessible relations with Sato. The units, which Plextor PX-712SA take advantage of the new interface, even if the results will not be higher than a comparable optical drive with a connection for me. Yield In addition to being easier to install and consume less energy, have actually provides benefits that distinguish them from the ATA. The most interesting of the SAT performance is the maximum width of the banda possible. As we have noted, the development of SATA drives have seen the rate of data transfer will reach its maximum 133 MB / second, while the current standard SAT will provide data transfers up to 150 MB / sec. Increasing the overall performance of the ATA SAT, the time May expect that up to 5% (according to Seagate), but improvements in technology will undoubtedly improve overall in this direction. The future of the SAT has great things for those who want still more speed, as devices to 300 MB / sec transfer rate (SAT II) will be readily available in 2005 and 2008 speeds of up to 600 MB / second can be expected. These speeds are incredible, and it is difficult to imagine that moment. Another advantage of the performance is in devices SAT is a built-in hot-swap capabilities. Units SAT can be brought on-and off-line without disabling the system, which gives a great advantage for those who can not afford downtime, or you want to move within and outside the operation quickly. The largest number of son in the balance of power is partly explained by this, six of the eight son are dedicated to enable the hot-swap functionality. Comparing prices for the SAT ATA devices can be complicated considering all the variables, but is generally the case hoped that the devices continue to be only a little over a comparable unit ATA. The gap is closing rapidly, and that the systems gain popularity and availability of a price change can be expected. Consider the benefits of ATA Sato, the potential difference of a few dollars can easily be justified when considering the upgrade. That currently has a limited number of devices SAT, but several techniques, such as The Tech Zone and The Tech Lounge, offers real-time price guides to see how the devices comparable battery. The last word current standard set for ATA offers significant advantages in terms of ease of use, energy consumption and, most importantly, performance. The most important ATA has thought about this moment in history, which has been the norm for so long as it can not disappear in the near future. Sato's future will be even more interesting than the speed increase will help promote the development to keep pace with other major components of the system. Jason Kohrs http://www.geeks.com Computer Geeks http://www.geeks.com/pix/techtips.htm technology tips and advice http://www.geeks.com/pix/techtips.htm computer

วันพฤหัสบดี, กันยายน 18, 2008

The Printer Cartridge Game

Do you think you've got a lot to a printer? Like the rest of us, probably paid $ 50 to $ 75 for a good Epson or Lexmark. What is the catch, can you ask? Most sellers want to say that there is no outlet. It could probably do a rant about how the printer market has become more competitive, driving prices down. Although this is a true statement, is not the main reason for this low-cost printers these days. So why are so cheap printers? It is simply? printer manufacturers need to buy the printer model so that we are obliged to buy their outrageously cost of ink cartridges. It is something that the relationship between a company and gasoline automobiles, except in this situation, type the company provides both cars and fuel. The gas companies, would not have money if not own a car. In the case of printer manufacturers, things are slightly different. They make no money from the sale of printers? which make their money by selling cartridges you go. It makes a lot of business sense when you think about this. A consumer buys a printer a few years, but the ink May to buy as much as once every three months. The printer manufacturers do not have much of it is a steady stream of income. Consumers are not ink cartridges cost factor in the equation when buying a printer. They seek functions and prices. Of course, you'll have a great printer, and do not pay much. But if you use the printer on a fairly regular basis, the cost of ownership over a year or two (thank you to the high price of ink cartridges) May exceed $ 500. Before you buy your next printer, be sure to do research on printers, with particular emphasis on the cost and lifespan of replacement ink cartridges. A little research in advance can save you hundreds of dollars. It is not recommended because Lexmark printers, Lexmark ink cartridges are generally mc more expensive than other brands like Canon and Hewlett Packard. Because Lexmark includes a piece of the right of the band, the cost of buying replacement ink Lexmark is astronomical. Bill Smith is a specialist printers and printer repair. Take a look at the printer online useful comments to http: / / www.buythebestbuy.com http://www.buythebestbuy.com

10 Solid Reasons To Make Your Next PC A Notebook

Some computers have become very popular. It seems that jumping everywhere: on television, airplanes, or in films of his friend in the knees. These elegant little machines are invading our daily lives as never before ... and the invasion has just begun. Find out why they have become so popular with their users and why your next PC should probably be a laptop. It is estimated that more than 42 million computers will happen this year. And this number is said to be more than 20% annually. So what is driving the demand for these devices which, it is so popular? It is more than the next tehno mode, laptops offer practical solutions for our needs and data processing. There are some very good reasons why they have become so popular with its users. These are the same reasons that you should consider making your next purchase of a laptop or notebook. Therefore, if you need convincing, here are 10 good reasons why you should consider buying a laptop: 1. Size
. This is a situation where size really matters. This is the main reason why I should consider buying a laptop or notebook computer in the first place. Do you want a machine that fits perfectly into their hands to take charge of the next meeting that you want to take a laptop to class or if you want a notebook for your next activity of cross-country. Note comes in a variety of formats to meet their needs or purpose. They are listed or grouped according to: Tablet PC (at least) the size of a logbook or notebook, less than 3 pounds. UTRA Portable (small), approximately 11 x 10 , less than 1.3 cm thick, less than 4 pounds. Sleek and lightweight (medium size), about 11-14 x 11 , 1 - 1.4 inches thick, 5 to 7 pounds. Desktop Replacement (higher), more than 13 x 11 , more than 1.5 inches, more than 7 pounds or more. As you can see, there is a wide range of sizes, so you should have no problem finding a laptop to meet their needs. Only coincides with the portable size of the main purpose or use of the laptop, and you can not go wrong. 2.
portability. is probably another, if not the most important reason you are considering buying a laptop or notebook. You have a PC and notebook computers easier. A solution that can take anywhere; classes, meetings, business travel or room to room in his house. This freedom of movement - or as vital data on its business or personal travel is the largest market for the laptop. The portability is a factor that must seriously consider - Do you need a laptop to use at home, at work or simply for pure enjoyment. 3.
performance. Not long ago, a laptop or notebook computer was considered by many as second-class computers, compared to the performance and speed of powerful desktop PC. Distance cousins discreet allocated to line banda. But things have changed! Although it is still not in line with the office, thanks to the new generation of portable gaming chip, Intel Sonoma new platform, many laptops is close to get the level of performance of a desktop PC. Many computers, especially the replacement of office have already impressive technical specifications rather than ashamed of office. Some of these replacements even use desktop processors or desktop CPU. With hard drives up to 100 GB or more (7200rpm), with 2 MB RAM in some cases, and with the support of Intel Pentium 4, 3.4 GHz or more --- most machines are very capable of cope with almost all PC applications and features so simple. They can do the job. 4. Connections

. We live in a world of wireless. The notebook will do for computers what the mobile phone has made the phone industry - that our wireless communications. To be constantly connected to your friends, your company or your family has a certain appeal that can not be denied. The computer will give you this wireless connection. Most laptops come with Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), also known as 802.11 a / b / g, with the possibility to stay in touch no matter where you are. As more and more companies, such as hotels, restaurants and airports offer such hot spots or Wi-Fi to their customers, connections will be common. 5. Function
. There are certain characteristics that are unique to the laptop. Tablet PC provides a practical mechanism for taking notes and collecting data that is not practical on a desktop. For the business community as doctors, lawyers, agents ... these portable tablet not very practical in the tasks or functions. Other notebooks are very useful for PowerPoint presentations at meetings and other activities. 6.
backup. The notebook or laptop can be used as a backup copy of important files and applications. It is often forgotten, but the laptop can provide inexpensive and safe enough to protect their sensitive data. Anyone who has been a significant or total loss of their hard drives can appreciate the importance of having insurance system backup. For those who regularly surf the Web, and their data to all risks (viruses, worms, spyware, etc.) can lead to problems. Having a separate system stored on a laptop or computer can be a good way to circumvent this problem. 7.
Variety. laptops and notebook computers offer much more variety ordinary desktop PC. From a small pocket-sized Tablet PC all the way up to a Multi-Media Desktop Replacement, which offers TV, stereo, CD / DVD and a computer course. There is a wide range of systems to choose any style laptop huge monster portable games is something to satisfy most tastes. You can also purchase a notebook to fit your style; IBM for black Ferrari Cross. It was there. 8.
cost and availability. Note is everywhere, and they get cheaper per minute. Notebook prices drop, more and more notebooks are sold - the price will drop. It is still a little more expensive than desktops, but the gap is narrowing rapidly. Find a dealer or distributor is very simple, online purchases directly from the manufacturer or the company is also on the verge of becoming very popular. In addition, there are also very good reputation online retailers to spread the Gospel notebook. His dream notebook is just a click away. 9.
sex appeal. It is worth mentioning, PC notebook is sexy! It is undeniable that these elegant, slender accessories are some of the sexiest on this side of a Batwatch extra. The laptop will probably be the first big drawing card for many people consider buying a laptop. A fully functional accessories that are not only turning the head, but it can also make the books. 10. Last but not least, the most important reason that I should consider buying a laptop -
because you want. For more convenience, portability, or even the pleasure of owning a laptop. Furthermore, it is a fact demonstrated by the doctor who wishes to deny their needs or can be hazardous to health. Go try! For more information on the purchase of laptop computers and notebook computers, please click here:
http://www.bizwaremagic.com/notebook-online-buyers-guide. htm laptop buyers' guide.
copyright? 2005 Titus Hoskins of http://www.bizwaremagic.com http://www.bizwaremagic.com
This article may be freely distributed if this resource remains attached table.

Wireless Networking, Part 1: Capabilities and Hardware

Wireless Networks, Part 1: capacity and equipment Today, it is not uncommon for a house to have more personal computers and, as such, it only makes sense for them to share files, as well as to share an Internet connection. Plug the cable network is an option, but it is a May requiring the installation and management of large quantities of cables in order to save even a small house. With a team of wireless network will be extremely affordable and easy to install, perhaps worthy of consideration by those seeking to build a house, and those who want to extend an existing cable network. The first two rounds of Technical advice will provide an introduction to basic skills and equipment involved in wireless networks. When the foundation is established, we take a look at the configuration and security considerations that must be addressed at the installation is complete. Network The basic rule that covers the wireless networks is the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, which is close to the family standard Ethernet cable, 802.3. 802.11 recognize much easier if accompanied by a three suffixes (a, b, g), which is used to specify the precise protocol for wireless networks. The protocol 802.11a first stage coup in 2001, despite a slight increase in recent popularity, is by far the smallest of the three common at this time. The signals are transmitted in a radius of 5 GHz, while in travel g 2.4 GHz. Most means that the signal can travel the distance in less space and have more difficulty in penetrating the walls, making the practical implementation of an 802.11a network somewhat limited. The maximum transfer rate, but is about 54 Mbit / s, so it compensates for its low speed range respectable. As indicated above, 802.11b and 802.11g networks that operate at 2.4 GHz radio banda, which gives a much greater range, compared to 802.11. A disadvantage to be in the 2.4 GHz band is that many devices share and interference is linked to a problem. Cordless phones and Bluetooth devices are two of many elements operating in that rate. The choice of these two protocols is about 300 meters outdoors and the difference between the two is tantamount to speed. 802.11b comes first, published in 1999, offering speeds up to 11 Mbps. 802.11g first appeared in 2002 and is compatible upstream an improvement over 802.11b and offers speeds up to 54 Mbps. In addition to these protocols, some manufacturers have improved the standard 802.11gy can provide speeds up to 108 Mbps. It is not a separate protocol, but only a few changes in areas such as data compression better, more effective package of rupture, and through two radio stations simultaneously. Normally, stocks 802.11g equipment is not capable of these speeds, and stakeholders need to buy items defined as a response to 108 Mbps. I say this as befits components is not a standard protocol and the various manufacturers May adopt different approaches to reach such speeds. To ensure the best results when it comes to achieve these high speeds, components from the same manufacturer must be used at the same time. For example, only the mark Netgear nominal NIC 108 Mbit / s data transfer must be used with a Netgear WG624 wireless router (http://www.geeks.com/details.asp?invtid=WGT624NAR). Take into account the usual Internet connection banda anche provide rate data transfer of 10 Mbps or less, you can see that even 802.11b is more than enough if you just want to surf the Web. The sharing of files on the LAN (Local Area Network) is faster when the protocols really make a difference, and compare the prices of 802.11b and 802.11g components can show that there is little or no difference in the choice of stand-by for a comparable unit B device. Equipment access point? Wireless Access Point (WAP) is the central unit that controls the transmission of signals wirelessly to a network. A basic access May be able to handle up to 10 connections, and more robust AP might be able to handle up to 255 connections at the same time. D-Link DWL-1000AP + (http://www.dlink.com/products/?pid=37) is an example of an access point capable of 802.11b wireless transmissions. Router? In technical terms a little, a router is a device that sends packets of data. In general, the connection between at least two networks, for example, on the local network or a local area network and ISP (Internet Service Provider). For our purposes, for pleasure and simplicity, a router is, in principle, a wireless access point with the added feature of having a port to share an Internet connection banda reeds. D-Link AirPlus G (http://www.geeks.com/details.asp?invtid=DI524-R&cat=NET) is a capable 802.11g router, which provides access to many wireless connections and lasts four-connection cable to a WAN (Wide Area Network Internet). A typical router for domestic use is generally less expensive than an access point, and the adjustment in the firmware, can be used as an access point anyway. By wire or wireless, all computers using the router can share files over the network and share an Internet connection banda reeds. Wireless communication between computers (or a wireless computer and a computer cable) for a maximum of 54 Mbps, while communication between computers wired to take full advantage of 100 Mbit / s is available to 802.3 Protocol. Network adapter? A network card is required for each computer you want to be connected to the wireless network. Many notebook computers, Sony Centrino 1.5 GHz (http://www.geeks.com/details.asp?invtid=PCGZ1RA-R&cat=NBB) now includes a wireless adapter, so that no additional equipment necessary. For those with systems that do not have integrated wireless capabilities, add them is simple, and can be done with the help of a number of connections. Desktops can go wireless by adding a PCI-slot network adapter, which measure 802.11g D-Link DWL-G510 (http://www.dlink.com/products/?pid=308). Notebook users can easily add pcmcia wirelessly using an adapter, because the device supports 802.11g (http://www.geeks.com/details.asp?invtid=PBW006-N&cat = NET). And really suitable for plug-n-play wireless network, USB adapters to 802.11g dongle (http://www.geeks.com/details.asp?invtid=80211GWUD&cat=NET) is available. Antenna / Extender? These items are not indispensable, but given the unique features of a wireless environment, which could be useful. Devices that Hawking Hi-Gain Antenna (http://www.geeks.com/details.asp?invtid=HAI6SIP-N&cat=NET) or Super cantenna (http://www.geeks.com/details.asp ? Invtid = SCB10 & cat = NET) used to increase the signal strength and wireless, thereby expanding the scope of a wireless network. Not only a great field seats to be filled, but the signal can be improved in structure with walls and floors that prevent the transmission of signal. Last words of this Tech Tip, we take a look at the base of wireless networks in terms of capabilities and equipment. In the second part of this two-part series, we'll see some of the basic configuration and security considerations that should be taken into account. The physical installation of a wireless network may be easier than exponentially a cable network, but the hardest part is the creation of software and security to ensure that everything is still in place and working well . Jason Kohrs
http://www.geeks.com Computer Geeks http://www.geeks.com/pix/techtips.htm Technical advice and http://www.geeks.com/pix/techtips.htm PC Support

Expansion Cards Part 1: (of a 3 part series)

Expansion Slots PCI on motherboards available to enable a number of improvements in the system to a computer, but compatible with this card for a slot available must be addressed before making any purchase decisions. Most types of expansion cards for modern computer systems can be divided into three formats: PCI, AGP and PCI Express. Each of these formats will be dealt with separately in this three-part series of Tech Tips, the PKI. The letters stand for PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect, and is the term used to describe a bus that connects directly elements of the system memory and processor system via the FSB. I am communication on a motherboard, the duration of buses has nothing to do with the large yellow taking children to school. It May a number of buses on a computer, and a PCI bus, they are all responsible for traffic management of communication devices for different processors. The FSB is a high-speed connection that controls communication processor with themes such as hard disks, memory and PCI devices, without processor speed with all management responsibilities. First developed by Intel in early 1990, PCI has been established even before (or less), bus architectures, such as the ISA (Industry Standard Architecture), and VL-Bus (local Ves), which was in the years 1980 and 1990. The original specifications for the PCI bus at a speed of 33 MHz, with 32-bit wide bus and a maximum width of band 132 megabytes per second. There were no changes to the PCI standard has increased significantly this statement, taking to 66 MHz, 64 bits, and 512 megabytes per second. 32-bit and 64-bit versions have different physical properties, and most motherboards only offer 32-bit connections. The original had the power specification PCI-devices that operate at 5V DC, and the revisions was an opportunity to continue using the devices 5V, and is now able to operate on 3.3 VDC. A simple explanation 32-bit and 64 bit can be read on the analogy of buses and traffic. Think of all the little as one lane of traffic on the road. Think of a 32-bit bus lanes 32 and 64-bit bus has 64 lanes. Like a greater number of cars can travel on a multi-lane road, more data can be transferred to a bus, with a little more important. The controllers can support multiple places share a PCI bus, and although not particularly frequent, May include more than one PCI bus. According to the form factor the size of the motherboard, and other characteristics that may occupy space on the disk, you can expect to have a six PCI slots in a typical motherboard. For example, mATX format offers two 32-bit PCI, while the ATX format features six 32-bit PCI. A 32-bit PCI This includes 124-pin mating with a slot in a system motherboard, and is well on a 32-bit or 64-bit housing (even if the transfer data 32 bits any location ). A 64-bit PCI This includes 184-pin mating with places in a system motherboard, but in general, can participate in a 32-bit and slots, provided that the characteristics of the map mother not to interfere. Once installed on a 32-bit slot, the transfer of data to a 64-bit cards will be limited to 32 bits. The STL2 Dual Socket 370 Intel Server Board w / VRM The STL2 Dual Socket 370 Intel Server Board is a good reference for comparing 32-bit and 64-bit PCI. Looking to the lower left corner of the motherboard has four 32-bit PCI slots and two 64-bit PCI. After this series of deadlines for technical advice will be AGP and PCI Express, which each have their own unique physical characteristics. Although the different format of PCI cards can be used, PCI, AGP and PCI Express will not work (or appropriate) in the second slot. Most PCI 32-bit variety and selection of items available is quite broad. Graphics cards, sound cards, network cards, RAID controllers, TV tuners, modem and USB / Firewire controllers are all issues that can be added to a system using a PCI card. Most of the points mentioned in the preceding paragraph may be found in modern motherboard, but on board these units do not have the capacity to upgrade. Provide PCI devices plug and play, which allows the user to install (or remove) a device with ease. For example, a low-cost 2-channel sound card May be good enough for some early, but how May decide that something like 7.1-channel Sound Blaster Audigy 2 provides the sound quality they really want. Graduation is a question of whether to turn off the system, the exchange of letters, restart, and install new software and drivers (OK, maybe a little more simplified). The good thing about PCI cards is that even if you have a card with a function (for example, built-in audio that is mentioned above), the motherboard's BIOS is generally you can disable this feature if you do not want to add to an atmosphere of expansion cards (Audigy sound card mentioned in the example above), or the card can complement the role which has already been incorporated (as a RAID card FDI). The only area which has led the development of the PGA are the results based on the PCI graphics card. The requirements for fast video games and other graphics applications requiring a wide bandwidth, but only that it was not available on the PCI bus. Since all devices share the width of available PCI bus banda, even faster, separate bus was forced to deal with only graphics. PCI graphics cards are still available, however, and make a simple way to add a second monitor to a system which currently operates in an AGP or PCI Express graphics cards. The last word PCI has been around the world, and seems to have a place at least in the near future of architecture. AGP and PCI Express offers performance benefits that the standard PCI can not match, but for many applications, the performance offered by PCI is more than sufficient. Be sure to leave before the next technical advice in this range as a basis for AGP. The technology http://www.geeks.com http://www.geeks.com/pix/techtips.htm advice and assistance http://www.geeks.com/pix/techtips.htm computer

USB Key Drives - Useful Tool

There are many different names for these devices, only a fraction of what we are all on the same wavelength about what I'm talking about, here are some other names: USB Drive, Thumb Drive, USB Pen Key Drive, Microdrive, flash drive. These units, regardless of what they called, is a useful tool for all who use computers in different places. USB keys are great because they are very small and can fit in your pocket, collar, or a key. They range from 32 MB to 4 GB of storage, and requires no software! Simply plug into the USB port on a computer and a pencil, storage and transfer device. These units will save much time and money. It is a quick way to transfer personal documents, projects, pictures of home office and reduce waste burning CDs, or the use of floppy. We have moved from an office in electronic paper, we are now only increased my reusable devices using the data transfer with much larger capacity and life. The USB devices provides a rapid transfer between devices, you do not need to waste money on blank CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, which has been transferred to the long, probably much faster that it can burn a CD, and they are good to go! These devices give us a low cost, environmentally friendly, high capacity, fast and multi-platform compatible. With all these good reasons to have one, I do not see why more people do not use them! Prices are constantly falling this type of media and almost all computers that are used today in charge of USB devices. And did I mention they look cool? Ken Dennis http://KenDennis-RSS.homeip.net/ http://KenDennis-RSS.homeip.net/

วันพุธ, กันยายน 17, 2008

Ink Cartridges & Printing - Poor Print Quality Solutions

Why are there any areas of fainting or a hole in my impression? *
Improbable, but its role May change due to the deterioration because of their age. * Make sure the type of paper used in the printer matches ( type ) putting in place the printer software Main Menu or Print . May * You must clean the print head nozzles. These can be cleaned using the head cleaning in writing software tool that you get when you want to print or pass through the Control Panel (available through the My Computer ) and select the printer. After cleaning operations are carried out by the printer, a check written model to show that the buses are clean. If there are still areas of poor quality, repeat the operation. I have white horizontal lines that appear?
May * You must clean the print head nozzles - see above * If your printer has a warning light indicating a low level of an ink cartridge, and then modify it. * Make sure the type of paper used in the printer ( type ), coincides with entry into the printer software Main Menu or Print . The colors are not what I thought it might be? * Clean nozzles print head - see above * You do not choose the option of colour printer software. That is what happened to me many times. By default, my printer software black selected for printing. * Certain types of paper has a face that can not be printed. To properly loaded on the printer. * Make sure the type of paper used in the printer ( type ), coincides with entry into the printer software Main Menu or Print . * What you see on your screen will never be identical to what you get on paper. It should not be so far, but if so, then you can have a problem with color calibration between the monitor and software you use. In the end
never buy brand ink cartridges. Get what you call the ink cartridges are compatible. They are much cheaper and produce the same quality results. www.ink-band-store.com show the range of these products are available today. In my experience, if it is used for ink cartridges rare, so you'll find yourself having to use public services for cleaning almost every time we use them. Therefore, I propose the impression from white and color page text (for example, 200 words in black, red, blue and yellow colors) on a regular basis (once a week?) Even if you not use the printer. You'll save ink over the long term as a cleaning tool is used much more of its pages weekly maintenance. This article May be reproduced in its entirety until the appeal paragraph below contains all URLs and stay active. (c) Paul Curran, CEO of Cuzcom Internet Publishing Group and webmaster to http://www.ink-cartridge-store.com cartridge, giving http://www.ink-cartridge-store.com/bestinkcartridges / bulk . html reduction bulk purchases http://www.ink-cartridge-store.com/bestinkcartridges/Laser.html best and also provides the toner.

วันอังคาร, กันยายน 16, 2008

Just The Fax, M?am

For years I smugly proud of myself as a person who is not a fax machine. I felt under my dignity to own such a technical contraption. The pen is more my style to a computer, but to be practical, reluctantly use a computer, casting a glance nostalgic gathering dust in my pen. Unfortunately, in the world in which we live, it is necessary to fax letters or documents to someone in a strange place in the world. I do not, but this is the way it is. In rare cases, when I have a fax in a document Office in Britain, usually hidden in the back. It was my experience when the fax man he sees me always increase the price per page. This is just a service that makes their safety. Then, when you pay for this service, fax usually the man said with a mischievous smile, When a fax machine in your own life? I always flash a smile at him, but he knew that 'spirit in my head, he charged more per page. Silence is golden truth, especially for the person exercising virtue. In fact, I do not trust machines. I know that the soul is a place to control all these machines - a threat, harmful thoughts dedicated to the simple task of losing my life. When they finally go out and buy a fax machine invent something someone to replace him, and myself will have another antiques in my hands to put beside my Underwood typewriter and boxes of cassettes 8 tracks. Despite this, I ended up buying a fax a few weeks ago. I do not want to, but had no choice in the matter. My printer is finally on the path of all printers. I hated to see it go. The left was damaged in which Noah, the original owner, was reduced. For years I served very well. My next will be a printer ink cartridges to be filled. I hate the purchase of replacement equipment. Rarely is the new better than the old one, only more expensive, not to mention complicated. But necessity is the stepmother of all complications in life, and I started to buy a new printer. I decided not to buy a fax machine. Under no circumstances do I want to buy a fax machine. Therefore, I am finished with the purchase of a fax machine. It is impossible to buy a printer. To buy a printer, you should buy a printing machine / copy / scan / fax. I think this is a fairly tricky for me to buy a fax machine. Some outside was put on me to own a fax machine, even if I am not their own. This new machine is empty, but inside the car. But the team is cheaper than I could find. I bought the machine, but decided not to use the fax. After everyone has someone to stand up for what they believe. Not everybody should succumb to the latest trend. I was doing well find itself in the hospital. When I arrived, it requires a document via fax to the hospital. Now I was faced with a dilemma. Do I need to go to my shop and paper fax, or should I do with my new printer / copier / scanner / fax? Priority finally paved the way for convenience. I took my papers for my new computer and how to send it by fax to the hospital. Do not trust my technical knowledge, I called the hospital to check on the office paper by fax. To my surprise, the person at the other end said in a very cheerful voice: Yes, he faxed the document here in my hand. I must admit, although I hate to do this, that fax is far from my house easier to go to the office stock. Now known by fax a document, anywhere in the world, but I had nothing to fax to anyone in the world. I just pick up my computer trying to think of something to fax. Even if I knew how to fax a document, still do not know how to receive a fax. A few days ago, a friend called and said he had a document that wanted me right away. He asked the troubling question: Do you have a fax? I started to say no, but hesitated and confessed that he had a fax, but you do not know how to receive faxes. It is humiliating to make such a skriftemål, but true. It's easy, he said, I hang up and dial again and let computers talk to each other. This has caused discomfort. Believing that these machines are talking to each other behind my back is most disturbing. What is said about me behind my back? Now that I've come to think of it, I heard sounds similar to the snickering of the general direction of my printer / scanner / copier / fax. I do not mind Big Brother course me, but I know that some computer jokes with other machines on me. Regarding the new things God is the master. That is what he promised to do for us. Therefore, if a man in Christ, is a new creature: old things are gone, see, everything has become new . (2 Corinthians 5:17 KJV). Put them in your printer and fax. Snyder is Ærverdig Ministry of the Family of God Fellowship in Ocala, Florida. Most of its articles are available for reprinting on their website: http://www.godspenman.com/ http://www.godspenman.com/ Rev. Snyder is available as a guest speaker. He writes a weekly column, and is the author of You can always E-mail to a pastor, but not much available at: http:// http://www.jamessnyderministries.com/ www.jamessnyderministries.com/

Wireless Notebooks: What You Need To Know About Going Wireless!

It is not quite breaking news that our world is becoming increasingly wireless. Many of our daily activities that once needed a cable connection, can now be done wirelessly! Mobile phone craze was probably the first revolution which apparently took place overnight. The convenience of being constantly connected or connected to your company, your friends or family is an undeniable need for swift implementation. For many people, was a necessary element in their daily lives. Wireless computers, laptops or laptops May the second wave in the race to become a world completely wireless. The ability to be constantly connected to the company and / or loved ones is revolutionizing the way we use computers and the Internet. The ultra, versatile small portable undoubtedly play an important leadership role in the fight to keep permanently connected wirelessly. It is mobility of the laptop or notebook that contains the most appeal and is the largest sales. And its popularity is growing. It is estimated that more than 42 million notebooks will be produced this year in 2005. The market for laptops and computers is growing at a rate of 20% annually, according to the Taiwanese policymakers in the notebook. And they should know - that allows 70% of these laptops or its components for major players such as Dell, Hewlett-Packard and Gateway. But this is the mobility and wireless communication of these devices is that they have increased their popularity among the majority of users. How wireless communications made by the portable PC or notebook you ask? Portable wireless uses three major standards for wireless data transfer data. It is probably most common is 802.11b, also known as Wi-Fi as a means Wireless Fidelity. Wi-Fi 802.11b transmits data wirelessly to a maximum speed of 11 Mbps for a maximum of 150 feet. It uses the 2.4 GHz radio spectrum, and even if it is 11 Mbps, it will probably reach only about 4-6Mbps in actual use. But this is enough bandwidth for high-speed Internet access, games and most file transfers. The 802.11a is a different standard that uses the 5 GHz spectrum, it has 8 channels available instead of only 3 is available with 802.11b. The 'A' version can also be increased transfers, and a maximum of 54 Mbps. The second standard, 802.11g, is a hybrid of A and B - also its ability to 54Mbps, but uses the 2.4 GHz spectrum and is compatible with 802.11b devices. Some portable Fujitsu LIFEBOOK N6010, is a tri-mode 802.11a/b/g wireless system that uses three ways! The next wireless communication technology 3G EV-DO! Sounds like a robot StarWars pleasure - but it is for developing data optimized. This new technology will change the way you see and use the World Wide Web. Verizon Wireless 3G EV-DO commercial exploitation began in October 2003 and now extends to over 125 million consumers in the USA at the end of 2005. With download speeds of 400 - 700 kbit / s and gusts of up to 2 Mbps, 3G has really given wireless Internet connection at this time. He did not and does not turn the Internet into a true wireless system that has no lines or cables. It will be everywhere in the world - no place in our biosphere will be without the Internet very soon. Of course, it should be noted that a group of wireless computers can be done using a wireless router and a wireless network adapter for each computer. In addition, many computers and notebook computers comes with a Bluetooth module, which allows wireless communication between electronic devices - cell phones to your computer to stereo headphones. But if you create a wireless network or by using wireless laptop or notebook computer for hotels and airports - security is a concern. Everyone is on the distance, have the right equipment and a little ingenuity can access the wireless system. For large companies or humble home, steps should be taken to ensure that visitors to cancel their wireless peaceful world. In general, there are two basic methods to secure wireless networks, WEP and MAC address filtering. MAC (Media Access Control) address is physical or material unique identifier for each device on the network. Then, manually enter a list of addresses you can use or access your wireless network. The second screening process is safer, WEP or Wireless Encryption Protocol requires a key that is shared among users, and then use that key to encrypt and encode data transfer between users of their networks. Most major hotel chains and other companies already offer Wi-Fi services such as greater convenience for their customers. These hotspots are popping up everywhere, even in some stations. You May to register or obtain a password or key access to these services. But, as his mobile telephone conversations, any wire or radio transmission will not be as safe as a cable connection. Keep this in mind if privacy is a major problem for you. But do not stop you enjoy the comfort, convenience and portability of wireless laptop or a laptop. It is a world without wires, after all. For more information on your notebook computer and notebook computers, click here: http://www.bizwaremagic.com/notebook-online-buyers-guide.htm portable Guide copyright? 2005 Titus Hoskins of http://www.bizwaremagic.com http://www.bizwaremagic.com This article may be freely distributed if this resource remains attached table.

TiVo: An Introduction for the Few Who Dont Know Yet

TiVo will change your life ... for the better. Clear and simple: the record shows eloquent TiVo to record (if not, what channel, how long, etc.), the record all new episodes of X, recorded all films with so-and-so for them, etc. The number maximum points: Most know the basics of the concept. That is down on the things I asked for more ... 1. You can take one thing and see something else already registered. 2. You can get a double tuner TiVo, but you need two channels TiVo (ie, two lines of its satellite dish). Then you can save 2 things at once, or to see one or two of the register. They are more expensive, but you can get a directive w / dual-tuner cheaper, and then TiVo monthly fee is about half of normal. 3. Pause Live TV - if you do not understand the value of that, I am not explain it. :) TiVo has many different versions that minor variations. If you want to go beyond the average , before leaving this forum. Comparison with ReplayTV: TiVo seems to have a better interface and what I have seen what others have said. It is easier to use. However, ReplayTV is easier hackable - can be accessed via the Internet and the PC easier to convert file-show, so I have a DVD burner, so this is another post for another time. Both can be done to maximize the same things, but you get the idea. My proposal for a directive recommends Hughes HDVR2 (double tuner) w / Triple LNB dish (a barrel oval w / 4 lines, and is ready for HDTV). He converter built the satellite for what it is the only box to cope w / TiVo monthly rate is lower, double tuner. This model is not as hackable as some of TiVo, but some can do and if you want to go beyond the basis of what you probably do not read them so far. Sites: http://www.dvrinfospot.com http://www.dvrinfospot.com http://www.TiVo.com http://www.TiVo.com http://www.TiVoCommunity.com http:/ translate.google.com / / Www.TiVoCommunity.com http://www.WeaKnees.com http://www.WeaKnees.com ... and, of course, The Armchair Geek (see below). Bear Cahill is a software engineer in Dallas, Texas and covers an sites: Speaker Geek (http://www.thearmchairgeek.com thearmchairgeek.com), web hosting information (http://www.webpagehostinginfo . Webpagehostinginfo no. Com), You can go to college online (http://www.gotocollegeonline.com gotocollegeonline.com) video and Community Exchange (http://www.videoexchange.org videoexchange.org) Post - and-forth about this resource box is included and links are maintained in the form of links.

วันจันทร์, กันยายน 15, 2008

Video Cards: Is AGP Dead?

If you plan to update the computer video card that you've heard a lot about PCI Express and SLI. He is exhausted and buy a new computer and motherboard AGP still have just thrown in the trash. The truth is that you can probably make a few simple improvements to his current team to get a few more years playing beyond. Of course, if you have a very slow processor and / or less than a motherboard AGP 8x, you need to do more to update the graphics card. But in most cases, those computers are only a few years and really have a lot of processing power. The three things is to see to his memory, motherboards, video cards. To take full advantage of recent games you want to have at least 1 GB of RAM. It is updated very simple and takes only a few minutes. For more information on how to upgrade memory, you can visit my site. Second, check the AGP slot on the motherboard in our 8x. If the motherboard and memory meet these standards you good luck. A new video card is likely to float at least a year, probably two, if you get a shorter line. The thing to remember is that the PCI Express is the latest technology and not as widespread as it is AGP. Game companies want to make more money as possible each game. For this reason, try to play and the broadest range of platforms. When you think like that, it is easy to see how AGP will be useful for a long period of time. For more information on the AGP card can go to http://gaming-computers.net/productreviews_graphicscards.html video card review section of my site. If your motherboard does not meet the couple or the processor is obsolete, it is time for an update. If you are a do-it-yourself that I am, you should see the construction of his own team. It is not as difficult as you might imagine, and you can earn a lot of money. Holsinger Nathan is the publisher of the game-http: / / game computers.net Computers.net a site on the construction and upgrading computers.

Motherboard Basics

A recent Technical advice covered a reason to choose a new case, and makes mention of various sizes that correspond to the motherboard of a different form factors. Some people wrote to express their interest to better understand the basics of motherboards, and that is exactly what Tech Council intends to address. A motherboard, also known as the main board, is the first printed circuit board in a computer, and that is where the central processing unit (CPU), memory, expansion slots, disks and other devices are connected. The circuit on a motherboard facilitates communication between all units of the machine, which makes them so critical of a system that the results of subjects such as CPU or memory. The biggest circle of a motherboard chipset is called, and more generally the manufacturer of your motherboard manufacturer is not the chipset. Intel produces motherboards with their own chipsets, but buying a motherboard as a mark Gigabyte, Biostar, ASUS and means with a board of directors of VIA, Nvidia, SIS, trademark or Intel chipset. 1. Form Factor base a variety of shapes and sizes of the motherboard is classified as a form factors. There are several factors that standard, but some of the most commonly found in desktop computers include: (http://www.formfactors.org/developer/specs/atx2_2.pdf), ATX (http://www . Formfactors. Org / developer/specs/matxspe1.2.pdf), Micro ATX (mATX) (http://www.formfactors.org/developer/specs/FlexATXaddn1_0.pdf) FlexATX (http://www.via. com. TW / en / Action / launches / mini-Monitors /) and the Mini-Monitors bottom of each dimensions are as follows: * ATX: 12 x 9.6 (305 x 244mm) * Micro ATX: 9 , 6 x 9, 6 (244mm x 244mm) * FlexATX: 9.0 x 7.5 (229mm x 191mm) * Mini-Monitors: 6.7 x 6.7 (170mm x 170mm) east ATX and mATX by far the most popular motherboards for desktops, and that in the above list are also some of the biggest. More property in a motherboard to allow greater scope for expansion and other characteristics that make it possible to use these joints more flexible. A Mini-May Monitors Council to send a housing and space for an extension of the card, while a normal ATX May Send 4 memory slots and six sites for expansion cards. Each form factor has its own niche that match, work systems and games are more board member of the media and in places self-machines for small forums. It is certainly overlap between the potential applications of each form factor and other characteristics and capabilities also affect usage. 2. CPU Socket leading producers of processors, AMD and Intel, are increasingly conducting a struggle to provide the fastest and most powerful processors available. Get more speed and performance of a chip relatively low in general, require a change in physical dimensions, as each new generation of processors are released. Hence, motherboard must develop in the same tempo in order to accept the new CPU. Back in the day, AMD and Intel have a common CPU socket, but the days were short-lived. AMD and Intel has been on the road on their own, relatively parallel tracks the performance and speed increases, while using different models. To choose a motherboard with a modern AMD eliminates the use of Intel processors, and vice versa. AMD is currently offering includes desktop AMD Athlon 64, which is available on Socket 939 and Socket 754. The number in the name represents the number of pins on the back of the CPU which is connected to the motherboard socket. The Socket 939 Athlon 64, so it has an incredible series of nine hundred and thirty-nine tiny needles at the height of the motherboard socket. The Chaintech VNF4 Ultra is an example of Socket 939 motherboard based on Nvidia chipset nForce4 Ultra. In addition to these two outlets, many AMD processors, including Athlon XP, Sempron, and Durons, sharing format Socket A, also known as Socket 462, thanks to its 462-pin has to connect to a motherboard.Socket processors Intel offers adapters for its Pentium 4 and Celeron processors, LGA 775, did not pin that everyone, in the first place, changing pins on the motherboard for socket. Maybe this design would move the burden of bent sticks warranty claims another person, but is quite unique. The Biostar P4M80-M7 is an example of a motherboard LGA 775 based on the VIA P4M800 chipset. Still others Intel processors on the market using the format for Socket 478 Pentium 4 and Celeron processors. Although the majority of motherboard can support a single CPU, some programs have the advantage of having more than one processor to deal with the tasks at hand. High-end servers and work are two examples in which a dual-processor system, which can be processed in the Tyan Thunder i7500 motherboard, can facilitate the work of more advanced applications. 3. Components components is a vague term to describe this article, but the topics to be covered is very diverse. All computer systems use memory storage devices, and food, but among the many motherboards have differences is the type and quantity of connections of these components. Most systems use DDR memory, but DDR-2 is increasingly frequent and eventually become the norm. While some Council members to provide places for both types of memory, is generally so that one or another type of technology is compatible. In addition, work differently, the difference physical disarmament, demobilization and reintegration and a 184-pin DDR-2 with a 240-pin unable to be interchangeable. In the future, users will have to decide if they want to move to a new technology trains when they choose a motherboard, or try to continue to use their disarmament, demobilization and reintegration as long as possible. Whatever the technology, most motherboards come with 2 to 4 slots for memory, but as mentioned, Mini-Monitors boards of directors can not offer slots 1. The drive technological change and, as indicated by the Technical Council to compare the SAT-ATA hard drives. Most motherboards in recent years have offered connections to the ATA, which can handle up to 4 devices. With Sato more and more popular, some forums offer a mix of ATA and sat connections, while others have left ATA all together, and instead of offering more connections Sato admitted that only one unit each . In addition, the type and quantity, motherboard can also offer alternatives to the hard disk capacity by integrating RAID controllers on board, which can be found in ASUS K8V SE Deluxe. What more complex systems, which often impose special requirements of energy to maintain the smooth functioning. Most motherboards type 20-pin ATX power connector, while some Council members could have a correlation of 24-pin instead. Motherboard for AMD Athlon 64 and Pentium 4 processors will have a new relationship energy is close to the CPU socket to give extra power today that its high-end processors demand. The 4-pin is not in all AMD Socket A motherboard, but that is certainly an AMD motherboard Socket 939. Food was included in this connection years, but for improving an old system with a new motherboard, food can not be a factor which must be updated as well. 4. Many options motherboards now include features on board which were previously only available in the form of expansion cards to buy separately. A typical motherboard now includes capabilities stereo sound, 10/100 LAN, and some USB 2.0 ports on the rear panel connection. According to the budget and end-user, many motherboard may also include other features such as integrated FireWire ports, VGA connections, and onboard RAID controllers. Options graphics Although many of these items May be added later to an expansion card, if you know what they want to advance, a small installation hassles and costs could be eliminated by seeking a meeting with May almost everything you want to include. That said, there are not many options on board components, so it's a case of take it or leave it. For example, you want stereo sound including, but most motherboards offer found Channel 5, in which you prefer to 8 channels. If so, can be a good thing the motherboard includes expansion slots to add the sound card of your choice. 5. An expansion slot motherboard usually provides at least a location to install a graphics card and a few locations to increase the capacity of the system in other areas. Graphics card is available in PCI, AGP and PCI Express formats and targeted a motherboard that the card is an important step. Most motherboards published in recent years include an AGP slot, and the new wave of motherboards are now beginning to feature PCI Express graphics card for installation. PCI found in most motherboards, but is much slower than the AGP and PCI Express, so you're not the best choice for graphics. A motherboard ATX characteristic generally four to five PCI slots, and even if it can be used for secondary display graphics cards, the most common programs include sound cards, network cards, RAID controllers, TV tuners, modem and USB / Firewire . Consider the fact that many of these issues are now on board, after several PCI slots are not as important as in the past. 6. Style with fans Windows lighting and special effects in almost all the features of a computer, why the motherboard should be left out of the action? Long Gone are the days stereotypes white green PCB contacts, and now most of these forums has a vibrantly colored PCB and a rainbow of colors on expansion slots, memory slots, with device And so on . For example, if someone has a circulation of a mATX board their Socket 754 Athlon 64, the style may be the decisive factor. The Chaintech MK8M800 and Biostar K8VGA-MN similar to a board member with VIA K8M800 chipset and prices below $ 70. The gold with PCBs in black and white characteristics Council Chaintech May appeal to some, while the red, white, blue and yellow of the Biostar can have an impact on others. In general, a model is only available in colors, and many manufacturers use the same point on the line. For example, Biostar board for AMD Athlon 64 processors during the same fundamental characteristics of this style that Biostar board of the new LGA 775 Pentium processors. In addition to colouring, some manufacturers include LED lighting in the game for fans or accessories that correspond to the motherboard with cables to complete the only aspect of the junta. Some people may scoff colors to be included on the list of the most important features of the motherboard, but it will be someone who is the style first, then the results. Observations There are many factors related to selecting a motherboard, and the Tech Council that the surface really fundamental choices that May be necessary to take into consideration. Many more technical May decisions must be taken by the user, but in six main areas which were mentioned above is a good starting point for users of all levels. http://www.geeks.com http://www.geeks.com/pix/techtips.htm Computer tips and advice http://www.geeks.com/pix/techtips.htm computer

วันอาทิตย์, กันยายน 14, 2008

How To Format A Hard Drive

Here's how to format a hard disk (legal things: We are not responsible for any damage, loss of data or something like that) ... If you have a computer, you know what May is a hard drive. If you do not have one, or simply do not know what a hard drive, as the article begins with a brief description of the hard drive. Then, we will do even formatting a hard disk ... Step 1: What a hard drive? A hard disk in the computer is a type of storage device composed of the hard disk, a brooch, read and write heads read and write arms, electric motors, electronic integrated and contained in a watertight enclosure. Now, do you know what the hard drive. I stick to the letter and begins with information on the title of this article. How to format a hard drive .... Step 2 ... First, you must have a reason, if you really want to learn how to format a hard drive. But we must not forget that formatting a hard disk not delete your data! Of course, when the format on the hard drive you think the data is actually removed, but this is not the case. The fact is that the data has deleted to regenerate. But you should not test the format of a hard drive, because you never know what can happen. Of course, also depends on the software you use, for example, these types of products that will delete the data you want, you can continue the process of how to format a hard drive. Step 3 ... In fact, it is not so hard on him. You must first determine what the operating system intended to instruct after formatting a hard disk. It is better and easier to use a boot disk for the operating system such as multiple sclerosis Dos6.2 or Windows95b or Windows 98. You need a good Windows95/98 boot disk to load the operating systems on your computer, something else must dismiss the charge due to a malfunction in the computer. Step 4 ... Then, insert the boot disk in the floppy drive and restart the computer. Once the system has completed the start-up and an A: appears. You must type format c: / s and press Enter. The function of this command is to tell the system to its format C and the head once it has finished copying the file system to the camera. / S modifications System . You can format a different in this way with another drive letter. Step 5 ... When you look at the screen as follows: warnings, all data on a non-removable disk C: drive was lost! Continuing with the format (Y / N)? And if you really want to continue, type [Y] and press Enter. The screen displays the size of the device and a countdown percentage points. Depending on the speed of the computer and the size of the device may take a few minutes to more than 15 minutes. When he reached 100%, you will see a new message: the format. Transfer System. This message is to indicate that the files needed to start the computer from the hard drive was copied to the floppy drive. The computer can now start from the hard drive without boot disk in the floppy drive. The last message that appears on the screen are as follows: label volume (11 characters, ENTER any)? You can hit any key to continue or just press Enter. Now we can finally begin to load the operating system. Please note that May you receive an error message that says enough memory to transfer files. If you receive this message, do not worry. It is due to a lack of a memory manager is loaded at startup and PC is available for the first 1 mg RAM. You can manage this situation with two options. The first is to remove / s when you format. You must do so by writing this: format c: and press Enter. Then, when it is finished, add the system files on your hard drive using the following command: sys c: and press Enter. The second solution is to load a memory manager in order to overcome this problem. If you do not have a can download millions of websites on the Internet. Step 6 ... You see, we have finally reached the end of how to format a hard drive. and the correspondent? At the end of this article. Now you know how May to format a hard drive. But once again not play with the controls if they are not serious about formatting a hard disk. Although the data are restored, you can do whatever harm your computer. Therefore, you must be careful! And now, good luck! ? 2004-2005 Brian Maroevich About the author Brian Maroevich is the founder of the http://Cheap-Computers-Guild.com target = _new cheap-PC-Guild.com. Brian is also a writer, marketing consultant, enthusiastic team and the athlete. E-mail: brian@cheap-computers-guild.com brian@cheap-computers-guild.com

Can I Use My Old Ink With My New Printer?

The quick response ... Yes and no. Consider this. How many models of printer you hay faith that exists at this moment? 1000? 2000? Who knows. But one thing I know is that no one should spend time to test the ink cartridges error in the wrong all day to see if it works. All printer manufacturers do things a little differently. Without being technical, it is basically three different technologies for inkjet printers. Piézoélectriques uses Epson, Canon Bubblejet use and HP and Lexmark use of technology thermal inkjet. An ink for Canon, for example, has a much lower rate of convection which is an HP or Lexmark ink. The reason is the cartridge HP directs the fire to thousands of degrees. D'ink must be made to resist this kind of heat or its output is unpredictable. There are generally two types of ink. Based dye and pigment. Pigmentert ink particles are much larger than the particles with dye-based pigments in the ink cartridge designed to be used in the dye-based ink will result in a print head is not able at any moment. On the other hand, a waterfast pigment inks on any surface. Note that I said waterfast and not water resistant. Inks Pigmentert can be done if water is used for the media. The same applies to dye-based inks d '. Pay attention to this because it will apply to all the ink on the market. Any dye-based inks can be used in any inkjet printer. The production of colour May not be what I expected, but it will work. This is not the case with pigment inks. Pigmentert ink used in most ink cartridges in black today. Epson has a color pigment inks they call DURABrite ink. They are very expensive to make and is fairly high in most premiums ink any producer who contacted me. Do not use pigment inks in certain bands, which was developed for the use of dye-based inks. Overall, HP and Lexmark ink interchangeable because their process is similar. Watch although variations of color. The new ink cartridges Canon BCI-3 and BCI-6 colours are so dense that most people can not distinguish between them. Ironically, the tapes are physically identical, except for the BCI-3e black is slightly larger. The BCI-3e pigmented black ink to create, while the BCI-6 se basa fargebad. Be careful here. Among the new Canon printers, BCI-3 and BCI-6 black cartridges. To disentangle what I am saying that you can use most of the ink in most printers with the exceptions already mentioned. Variations in color, where appropriate, could be offset by the printer. Be ready to play with it. The physical damage to the printer is unlikely in any event, unless the band escapes when you add it to the printer. But you would not do it. ? Barry Shultz is the author of Atlascopy News and the President of Atlascopy, Inc. specializes in Atlascopy reasonable alternatives to the high cost of the printer. Sign up for Atlascopy Newsletter for more ideas and get coupons for 10% each week by e-mail: Go to http://atlascopy.com/signup_new.htm http://atlascopy.com/ signup_new.htm Atlascopy to put a packet in the printer and supplies filling: http://atlascopy.com http://atlascopy.com

วันเสาร์, กันยายน 13, 2008

Video Cards: Is AGP Dead?

RFID for Beginners

RFID is widely used today and has been around since the early 1920, but few people know or understand. RFID is for radio frequency identification and is used to store and retrieve information. This information is stored and retrieved using RFID tags or transponders. The RFID tags are small and can be incorporated into many products. The labels have antennas that allow them to receive and respond to radio-frequency queries from an RFID transmitter. Two types of RFID tags There are two types of RFID tags; tags passive and active tags. Passive tags do not have their own food, but their power of a small electrical current in the antenna which is driven by an influx of radio frequency scanning. Because of the small force in place in the system, passive RFID tags are used only over short distances (for example, an identity card). The active RFID tags have an energy source, and therefore are much stronger and can be used over long distances and therefore more effective. Active RFID tags are also able to store more information than their passive counterparts. Some active RFID tags have a battery life of up to ten years. The RFID system is the creation of an RFID system que se basa en labels, readers brand, brand programming stations, sorting equipment, circulation readers, and Wanda label inventory. RFID is widely used in security, security doors, because they are programmed to read the RFID tags, and then whether to open or close accordingly. The system allows the information is easily transmitted by an RFID device. Some systems have evolved over the years with RFID chips. The hope is that RFID will one day be available to all (ie consumers), it will be more efficient and cost-effective process to implement RFID. When RFID is used? RFID is everywhere. RFID can be found in bookstores and CD stores. The little alarm that sounds if a CD has not been scanned is made possible by an RFID chip. RFID chips can be found on the labels of animals in books in libraries, car alarms and car lock. RFID can also be used to detect the movement. This can be very useful in the coming years in terms of law and order. In 2004, Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction (ODRH) approved a contract of 415000 U.S. dollars to test RFID technology in prisons. The idea is that prisoners Will Ware bracelets to monitor their movements. If there is a movement, which is out of the ordinary, security will be notified. This technology will be used in many states in the coming years. Conclusion RFID technology seems to have endless possibilities. Some critics of RFID technology say that it violates the privacy of citizens. It basa to the fact that RFID can be used to track people and collect personal information. Putting all this energy on a chip that makes it undetectable. But RFID can also be used in the driving licence for faster police scanners, and as a means to monitor patients. With all the potentially harmful use of RFID, there are several wonderful applications. It will be interesting to see all major applications of RFID in the future. Amie Kandowski are very interested in RFID technology, love and write articles about http://www.rfidgazette.org RFID.

วันศุกร์, กันยายน 12, 2008

Ink Cartridges - A Humble Beginning

The computers and printers have been enormous for many years. In the last reservoirs of ink cartridges and toner used instead of ink cartridges than those currently used. It is difficult to fill a toner cartridge and it is very messy. The toner cartridges are an improvement. Print reels and cassettes have been used in some printers. Computers have become more compact and printers do more than printing in some cases. Printer cartridges now have more self-sufficient in reservoirs. Fuel any printer cartridges are not as messy as notes are added. Printer cartridges are available in two types. First, Hewlett-Packard and Epson printers use the first type piezoelectric Electric. An electric current is applied exposed to a small glass cases to expand about every five microseconds (20000 per second). The jets of ink-jet ink through the print heads very quickly and very precisely because of this expansion. Because Piezo Electric has fewer print heads jet bubbles / thermal printer that can do more precise action, and tend to last longer. Bubble Jet heats the ink cartridges quickly in a bubble, and then jets ink jets through thousands of times per second. Bubble Jet printers that are less noisy depending on the piezoelectric printers. You can expect a very high resolution color printing. AUDACIA have ink-jet ink on the jets which run on a variety of media, not mega-pixel method. More colors of liquid ink is diving in the document to create an image. The region is scanned from a print head horizontally with an engine of that reunion rolls of paper vertically. A strip of an image that the document is printed and is moving towards the next step. Not only the pressure of a band through the printed page, but also the vertical lines of pixels on each shift speed. There are a number of types of technology inkjet. From ink droplets are splashing in the document through tiny nozzles in reduced demand (DoD). It is similar to a hose and out to 5000 times per second. How much is omitted ink on the page, and fire nozzle which is controlled by the driver. The ink Tiznen May after printing is one of the problems of technology inkjet. With the development of new compositions ink, it is progressing. The ink is released into the role of thermal printing. This process involves three steps. In the first phase begins when the ink jet is heated to create a bubble. When the pressure starts to bubble is broken and depression se basa en la ink tank to replace what was ejected. Printers are used to be more costly because the print heads that the image mark on the paper into the printer. Printers are cheap, but now the east coast when you have to buy cassettes. You can almost conclude that buying a value of almost a new printer cartridges instead because the price of ink cartridges can be more than the cost of most inkjet printers base. Although the current cost of the cartridges are expensive complex containing the technology will be cheaper in the long term, which would replace the head printer at all times. Now print heads are contained in the records. It's exciting because the correct use of tapes to the printer can have for a long time. Color cartridges work the same way that black ink cartridges for the enjoyment of tiny nozzles on paper in horizontal stripes, then it moves across the page. There are three reservoirs in the cartridges color, is full of cyan, magenta, with others, and the other in yellow ink. The image quality can be affected by a number of things. The paper can have an impact on the quality of the image that appears. The photo was taken May be affected by the brightness and the absorption of ink. Brightness shows the vitality of the printed image and absorption is how effectively the paper absorbs the ink. When you use an inkjet printer, it is better to use paper that is specifically designed to be used. The best image May be possible with the use of paper. This could affect his draft printing in shaping the characteristics and / or printer. You can leave the documents only to dry for some time, according to the paper used and the printer. Most printers ink has a storage of the facility makes less ink that allows documents to dry more quickly. You should be aware of how the printer. About the author

Martin Smith is a freelance writer success for advising consumers purchase a number of http://www.best-price-printer- cartridges. com / discount-ink cartridges. html ink cartridges containing http://www.best-price-printer-cartridges.com/cheap-ink-cartridge.html ink cartridges cheap, if you have time to fall in place for some of advice and information.

วันพฤหัสบดี, กันยายน 11, 2008

10 Things to Ponder Before Moving Your Office Network

Moving the corporate network? How can it difficult? Anyone who ever moved the office network to know the risks and challenges associated with this daunting task. This powerful effort is not just a case of cutting the closure to pull the plug. The change requires careful and systematic planning, forecasting and a little luck. The following considerations provide a valuable guide for collecting strings office.
Think of the motion that the development of growth to a better network
An office can provide you with the perfect opportunity to reassess their computer systems, introduce new technology and update their equipment. Think about the future of your business and flexibility in their network will have for his business grows. In order to assess their needs and work exactly what they have to add to predict its future growth.
rent a network of experts to adapt their systems
Get expert advice to help reduce the corners, take the conjecture that the equipment you need, design and implementation of the network and the problems associated with troubleshooting. We are very proud of our work. As a reliable, efficient and highly specialized, London, it offers peace of mind that comes with us, computers and networks are in the hands of professionals, said Andrew Pitt, Director General of Hypercubic. You also get an idea of what the costs will be, including benefits under maintenance and support. Planning for a professional installation of a burden on their shoulders and many spin on their side. Save the downtime for
install the new system during the weekend, and so there will be minimal disruption for the company. Think about how many e-mail, telephone calls and consultations will be missing if you move during the week. If the installation takes more time to inform customers or users in advance so that they know what to expect. A businessman would have before they moved offices, we sent an e-mail to all our customers to inform them about the movement and where all our customers with their contact information. The director has received more business-related calls through their mobile phones through this preparedness. Moving
valuable, sensitive equipment requires attention
Move the word more data servers or a couple of 42U rack May take more than one type of fat with a herniated disc. Depending on the size of the server to lift the team May require hoists, trolleys and ropes. A moving truck is obviously an important part of moving the office, but extra care must be taken on the packaging. Prepare
effect
His delicate robotics need to move comfortably among the obstacles stamp, which prevents devices discordant. Some packaging equipment anti-static Bubble wrap-up shields against the layer of magnetic fields, prevent loss of valuable data. The team should be placed in boxes on the computer. Each box must be linked to a comprehensive system that is marked for easy identification.
are serious insurance
When it comes to their bread and butter is stored in digital format, so it's a plan in case something happens during the transfer. Most insurance companies offer different policies in order to secure computers against theft and damage.
whether the new building is equipped with facilities for their networks
sure to conduct a study on the site and assess what their needs are in the network. This helps to reduce excessive spending on equipment and identifies the best places to install access points. It also ensures that the cable meet the building codes.
things do work better when you install the wiring before the move
before the transfer takes place and the new network cabling and networking infrastructure are in place, conveniently set for each position Working box for the good jams, power and telephone lines.
: Launch of network
Wait a few technical problems, problems are inevitable with a new network. The hiring of a professional at this time is an invaluable resource. The support facilities will ensure that the company can deal with any unexpected problems during the first start-up period.
Finally, do not even think of himself
Most companies, before seeking the advice of professionals, the network of roads crafts. Unless you have a qualified team, install a network can turn ugly, and frustrating is aware that 3000 meters long fishing line with one hand. Hypercubic is a London-based http://www.hypercubic.co.uk/ IT Support company specialising in the installation and support of computer networks. He claims to save time and effort, especially when you move from one network to a new location.

Printer Cartridge Economics -- Four Ways To Make Your Ink Last Longer

Hard Drive Selection

Perhaps the biggest mistakes people make when building their computer (s) is to underestimate the importance of disk drive (HDD). In our modern society, bigger is synonymous with better, so when you go to purchase a hard drive to explore ways to store is the ability of data. But that's all that should be taken into consideration when purchasing your hard drive? As with any other component of your computer's hard disk is too complex a system to describe the details, but hopefully at the end of this article, you'll know what to look for when you buy your new hard drive . There are 4 main issues to consider in a hard disk (in order of importance): <li> frequency of rotation, and means of research <li> <li> Buffer Size internal / external rates Transfer Capacity <li> the frequency of rotation has become an important outlet (5400/7200/10000/15000RPM) recently, it should not be too difficult to know what the turnover rate of your hard drive Is when you come to buy. Now, of course, faster turns, the faster you can read the disc (there are also other benefits), but keep in mind that run faster, wear has been placed in the 'device, and more likely to respond to mistakes and failures later in life. The disks are completely alone in their computer systems which have moving parts (CD-ROM, floppy, and fans also have moving parts, but all are cheap and if you do not lose s all the data you've accumulated during your own computer, make sure you back up data regularly). If you know something physical or engineering, and you know that moving parts to produce friction and wear and a plaque which runs faster (party who owns the data and turn), will result in more friction and , Hence, more wear on the device. Of course, the fastest spinning faster than you can read data from the tray. So what can you do? then again backing up your data as much as possible and get the fastest car spinning money can buy (that is, ATA 7200 (the kind that you buy) and for some 15000rpm SCSI and Serial ATA (Serial ATA May occur, depending on the motherboard)). Find a 7200 label on the device you have in mind to obtain, it is important! buffer I refer to the transmission of memory that stores data temporarily in order to read or write on the hard drive. The reason is that buses (data channel between the reader and the motherboard) can not handle as much information at once, and it takes a long time for data that can be found and recovered an antenna ( random search time), it takes a large part of the requested data and stores it in a buffer to send data quickly to comfort the bus. Hence, with a larger cache queue can transfer data on the bus without having to submit requests to slow down to get more details about the dishes. Some new devices are provided with a maximum capacity of 8 MB buffer, but it is more common to see 2 or 4 Mo. Typically, a car with a lot to be used as a salesman and print on the box / site, or can it be assumed that a buffer 2/4MB. My advice is to find one with anything they can afford. Now, for the transfer rate you have to do some queries, the best way to find these figures is to visit the manufacturer's Web site and see a sheet of specifications for the model you want to buy (actually, that is the best way to get all the information I have talked to this day). One thing you have to look at is that you can read anything that says that the 133MB / s ATA/133 or SATA150 or 150 Mb / s, and these are not the numbers you're looking, the figures describing the bus that connects the drive to the motherboard, and many theoretical maximum, which tells us almost nothing. Furthermore, if you buy a Maxtor, not bother to do research for the transfer rate, which is apparently Maxtor afraid to disclose such information. Not to say Maxtor drives are bad, in fact, Maxtor has reached the summit when it comes to technical support and is much more willing to replace a defective devices that few other enterprises, which is important since some ridiculously large number (something like that, as 10 or 15%) hard drives are either dead on arrival or died within a few weeks of use. As in the last two points, when you look at the speed of transfer (if you can find them) always try to choose the one that has the highest number that you can afford. It is noteworthy that the first three of page 4 are all aspects related to speed? It was done deliberately to give an idea of the importance of speed on the hard drive because they are very slow creatures, and their gaming experience that does not require a huge hard drive faster. To increase the speed much more, you can set up a RAID, which is a network of hard drives that (RAID0) share parts of the same data, for example, access to data is 1 / No time (n = The number of disks attached) compared with 1 disk. To do this, you really need a hardware RAID chipset, which is usually included in the high-end Graphics. The last capacity is not necessary precision. Smaller disks, you can buy today who are still in the types of high-speed, is on all 30GB, which is more than sufficient for its Thursday However, since the games are not everything, and if they are a member or as iTunes to download the animals you really want something more than space. I would therefore recommend to be something between 60 and 120, and you'll pay through their teeth, and everything, but it May be want to buy a hard drive in a couple of years. And, oh yeah, 300 GB hard drives Maxtor east, but they are relatively slow, we recommend that you do not get a game that I like to stick to a single antenna devices (40 to 100 GB rule General), and they produce less heat and are less likely to break on me. It's really all you need to know to make a good choice when you upgrade the hard drive or to buy a new computer. There are of course many other Internet resources for more information on the activities of internal hard drives. About the author JA Carpunky http://www.computer-gaming-system.com target = _new http://www.computer-gaming-system.com - Visit our site for more details.

วันพุธ, กันยายน 10, 2008

How to Change, Upgade or Remove an IDE Hard Drive

Hard Disk Drives - hard drives are a bit more complicated. First, you need to know what you want to take the hard drive. For that, I think, if you want either to establish or slave master. If you want to start from the hard disk (for Windows or another operating system outside of it) and want to be your teacher. If you already have a master, and you want to use this place as another, the HDD a slave. The amendment requires the establishment of a bridge at the rear of the hard disk to be transferred. It's hard May, it is also very simple. These configurations bridge is located on the rear of the hard drive, most of them have a small label that says it is. After setting up the bridge, take the IDE cable that goes to your first hard disk. It's time, usually gray cable which runs from space on the motherboard and the main hard disk. If you set the new hard drive as a slave, the cable should have a new contact in it is not used. En route to the new hard drive slave, but not connect the cable second hard drive. If you put a new impetus as captain, you must cable directly to your old hard drive, separating and connecting the new hard drive teacher. In both cases, to attach a cord on the hard drive. It is food, and you need to have a couple of not being used. Please include a contact for connecting 4 roads in the hard disk. When the drive is connected, you'll need to make sure it is linked to the chassis on both sides of the issue. This can be done by removing the cause, and then change the hard disk on the one hand, and then another. This is important - if only the bolt on one side of the disk, it can cause damage to files on your hard drive. I am a young, aspiring computer engineer in Internet marketing, equipment, software, web design, SEO and everything related to computers. Come before leaving my system increasingly forum http://www.markspcforum.com http://www.markspcforum.com

วันอังคาร, กันยายน 9, 2008

Inkjet Printer Tips to Select Proper Printer

If the budget is tight, to make inkjet printer. Bubble Jet is cheaper compared to laser printers. You have a wide range of inkjet printers. There are variations of inkjet printers that are on the market of choice. You can choose your own printer depending on the type of output you need. If you are a graphic designer and has involved more than the quality of photos and graphics, please go to the inkjet printer. It is a high-quality photos and graphics. If you need a better text prints, then go to laser printers. It is important to confirm their needs before buying their inkjet printer. Take a look at these important advice before you buy inkjet printer. Things to check before buying inkjet printers * Speed is the most important criterion to check before buying a printer. Always check the speed in normal mode that the speed of the manufacturer is always the proof in print more quickly. * Buffer plays important role while you share the printer on the network. For the network printer is always wise to go to greater cache. * The computers are currently more USB ports, then buy a printer with a USB interface for more speed data transfer. * Do not ignore the total cost of ownership. According to print pages that even a small difference in ownership cost-cutting significant amounts during his life. * Ensure necessary to achieve photo-quality printing, if you buy the printer prints on photo paper. If you must also buy an additional ink cartridge, as the display of images need more ink. * Please check their compatibility with the printer. * You should check the manufacturer's website for the type of support that is available. However, if this is to provide regular software updates, patches for new operating systems. * Check the size of the printer to be a good fit on the desktop. * You must place the bottles in the right packaging. Using the factory provides additional containers to store the records. If you use both color and black ink often store manager to be replaced zip-lock bag. * Do not use the switch to turn off a wave protects the printer instead of using the printer. * Jam paper is a common problem with printers. To clean the rollers and the internal mechanism with mild alcohol. Place the paper into the tray carefully to avoid the jam. * Before placing the stack of paper into the tray confirm that you have to loosen the stack of paper to separate from each other in order to avoid jams. * Use a mild glass cleaner on a soft cloth to clean the outside of the printer. * The print quality depends on the quality of paper used. The standard A4 size is ideal for most inkjet printers. The poor quality of the paper absorbs the ink results in Tiznen photos. To obtain the best images refer to the printer manufacturer recommendations. In addition, even if the printing of images, created using photo paper recommended for best results. * Use the cleaning of buses to restore the original function of production. As an old printer that displays will be delivered low, and you can see lines across the page. A function nozzle cleaning strokes of ink through the nozzle and relieve. * Do not be a million pounds and wise-fool. Always use a soundtrack. Fristelsen expensive to use cartridges filled cheaper in the long term. * Do not shake the cartridge May that create bubbles in the band who can turn off the printer. * Please call an authorized service person if it detects leaks ink. Never open your printer on your own. Krishna Pai is a webmaster and a writer. Get Computer Tutorials, comments, equipment and software advice and guides for http://www.cheapest-computer-hardware-software.com/ http://www.cheapest-computer-hardware-software.com/ seek further advice calculation meeting with his Build Computer Ezine http://www.cheapest-computer-hardware-software.com/build_computer_ezine.html http://www.cheapest-computer-hardware-software.com / build_computer_ezine.html

Security Risks and Ways to Decrease Vulnerabilities in a 802.11b Wireless Environment

Introduction This document explains topics related to wireless networks. The main themes, this type of security problems found in the day on 802.11 networks and how to prevent these vulnerabilities from happening. Wireless networks have not been many years ago. Federal Express is to use a type of wireless networks, common to 802.11 networks used today, but the public has only recently begun to use the wireless network. Because of weak security that exists in wireless networks, companies such as Best Buy decided to postpone the launch of wireless technology. The Government of USA has done the same and end the use of wireless technology to a more universal, secure solution is available. Background What wireless? Wireless LAN or Wi-Fi is a technology that is used to connect computers and peripherals. Wireless LAN give people greater mobility and flexibility to enable workers to remain connected to the Internet and the network, and wandering from one region to another coverage. This increases efficiency by allowing data to be recorded and you will have access to the area. In addition to being easy to install, wireless LANs are easy to understand and use. With few exceptions, all that is connected to the LAN cable applies to a wireless LAN. They work like, and is often associated with an Ethernet network cable. Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance [CME] organization that provides industrial 802.11 products that are envisaged to meet a basic standard for interoperability. The First Family of products to be certified by the CME is based on the 802.11b standard. This set of products is what we are going to study. There are a number of rules, for example, 802.11ay 802.11g. The original 802.11 standard was published in 1999 and high-speed data transmission at speeds of up to 2 Mbps at 2.4 GHz, using either FHSS or DHSS. Since then, many groups have been trained to create additions and improvements over the original 802.11 standard. The 802.11b TG created a supplement to the original 802.11 standard, called 802.11b, which has been industry standard for WLAN networks. It uses DSSS and provide data transmission speeds up to 11 Mbps at 2.4 GHz. 802.11b eventually be replaced by rules that have a better quality of service features and better security. Topology network topologies There are two wireless networks that can be configured: Peer-to-peer (ad hoc)? This configuration is identical to its counterpart cable, without exception cables. Two or more devices can communicate with each other without the AP. Client / Server (network infrastructure)? This configuration is identical to its counterpart cable, without exception cables. This is the most common form of wireless networks used today, and most of the concepts in this document applies a. characteristics of the Wireless LAN <ul> <li> WLANs can be used to replace the wired LAN, or as an extension of a wired infrastructure. It costs a lot cheaper to deploy a wireless LAN instead deploy a cable. A large installation costs and change a cable network is to run networks and spending power cables, all in accordance with building codes. Examples of other programs that the decision to deploy wireless LANs are as follows: <li> appendage or moves from computers. <li> installing temporary network installation <li> hard over the sites </ ul> wireless LAN offer more mobility and flexibility by allowing it to remain connected to the Internet and the network as they roam. The consumption of wireless LAN wireless LAN is a relatively new technology that has only been in operation since 1999. With any new technology, standards are always better, but in principle they are unreliable and insecure. Wired networks of traffickers to send more of a dedicated line that is physically private WLAN send their traffic on sharing space, waves. This introduces interference from other cars and the need for additional security. In addition to interference from other wireless LAN, 2.4 GHz is also used by cordless phones and microwave oven. Security issues WLAN <ul> <li> war driving war driving is a process in which a person using a wireless device as a PDA or laptop to run the search for wireless networks . Some are as a hobby and draw different wireless networks that are found. Others who could be regarded as pirates, will focus on wireless networks, and then penetrate networks. If a wireless network is not secure, can be quite easy to break into the network and obtain confidential information. Even with security, hackers can disrupt security and hacking. One of the tools most commonly used in PDAs and devices for Microsoft Windows Network Stumbler, which can be downloaded at http://www.netstumbler.com. Target = _new http://www. Netstumbler.com. Equipped with software and hardware, a person can derive from wireless access points in the case of a GPS device attached. Adding an antenna for the wireless card increases the opportunities for Wi-Fi More information can be found at: http://www.wardriving.info target = _new http://www.wardriving.info and http:// www. Wardriving. com target = _new http://www.wardriving.com to name a few. <li> Cretaceous-Cretaceous war is a way of marking wireless networks, often using the Cretaceous. The conduct of war is the method that is used to scan networks, and the person who is marked with chalk network that provides information on the network. Some of the information network which, if network security, and perhaps the contact group that owns the network. If the wireless network is successful war and not cope, his network can be used and / or split up more quickly, because the information is displayed on the network. </ ul> listening and espionage Because wireless communication is broadcast on radio waves, spies only heard on the airwaves can easily collect messages without encryption. These companies intruder exposure of sensitive information to enterprises of espionage. Wireless LAN Security? pirates What is not known to www.airdefense.net Copyright 2002 internal vulnerabilities within an organization, network security can be exposed by the way, WLAN Rouge (Red or Aps), non - secure networks, and a partnership to name a few. Red access points? An employee in an organization can connect to an access point without the authorization or knowledge of computers. It is easy to do all that an individual has to do is connect to an access point or wireless router in a LAN existing liver and is taken on the network. A statistic in 2001, Gartner said that at least 20 per cent of companies already have access points red. Another type of attack would be if someone from outside the organization, the labour market and adds access through social engineering. The uncertainty of network configurations-Many companies think that if you use a firewall or technology, such as VPN, is automatically guaranteed. This is not necessarily true, because all security holes large and small, can be exploited. Even if the plans and technologies such as VPN, firewalls and routers are poorly configured, the network can be compromised. Association accidental? This can happen if a wireless network is established with the same SSID as its network and the range of your wireless device. You can accidentally connected to your network without your knowledge. Connecting to a wireless LAN can expose passwords or sensitive documents to someone in neighbouring countries. Wireless LAN Security? Pirates What is not known to www.airdefense.net Copyright 2002 social engineering? The social engineering is a frightening and most effective type of attack that can be done. This type of attack really scared myself and can be done for many other purposes, and the security of wireless networks. A scenario: a person dressed as a person Cisco enters the workplace. Secretary believes that his false identity card, you can get a pass reception. The fraudster sections of the cabin to cabin, the collection of user names and passwords he / she goes. After finding a corner, what appears to be a little travel, attach an access point in the non-secure networks. At the same time setting up the access point not to broadcast its SSID and amendment of certain other adjustments to make, it is difficult for the department to find this access point Rouge. He then left without ever being questioned by anyone, because it seems as if only corresponds Now, all you have to do is to be within 300 metres of access point (more if you add an antenna), and now has access to all types of security documents and data. This can be devastating blow to any society, May and eventually lead to bankruptcy for the secrets of the company was revealed to competitors. Bruce Schneier came to my class and said that on social engineering , is it any attempt to do their job, and it would be good. Some have the advantage that the orientation of human nature. social engineering is insoluble. Securing wireless networks, according to Bruce Schneier and others, like Kevin Mitnick, you can never have a complete computing environment of security. What we suggest is often to try to control the damage can be done if security is violated. We can try many tools on the market that can help prevent any breach of security. WEP? WEP supports both 64 and 128-bit keys. Both are vulnerable, but because the initialization vector graphics are only 24 - bits in length in each case. His RC4 algorithm which is safely used in other applications, such as SSL, are very vulnerable to WEP. http:// www.infosecuritymag.com/2002/jan/cover.shtml target = _new Http: / / Wireless insecurity By www.infosecuritymag.com/2002/jan/cover.shtml Dale Gardner. There are different tools to break WEP, including AirSnort, which can be consulted on www.airsnort.net. Although this method is not a secure solution, it can be used to help an attacker could decline if other means are not possible, financially or otherwise. IPSec VPN and IPSec VPN allow companies to connect remote offices or wireless connections via the Internet rather than expensive leased lines or data services managed. The encryption and authentication, data protection, as it crosses the public network, so companies do not have to sacrifice privacy and data integrity at a lower price. A large number of VPN is on the market today. An important note about VPN that interoperability does not really exist, and whatever you spend on your server must be the same brands as its clients most of the time. Some VPN include: Borderware <ul> <li> <li> <li> Networks BroadConnex <li> CheckPoint Cisco Computer Associates <li> </ ul> DMZ? Adding this to your network, you can put your wireless network unreliable in a segment of its network. Firewall? Firewalls are all over the place. Firewalls range of hardware and software solutions for versions. By adding a firewall between the wireless and cable network helps prevent hackers from accessing the cable network. This document is not in the details of different firewalls and how this operation, but there are many. Some firewalls include: <ul> <li> ZoneAlarm (low-cost-based firewall) Zonelabs.com <li> Symantec has many firewall depending on what you need. </ ul> PKI - Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is the combination of software, encryption technologies and services that enable companies to protect their communications and business transactions over the Internet. What is PKI? http://verisign.netscape.com/security/pki/understanding.html target = _new http://verisign.netscape.com/security/pki/understanding.html site surveys? Polls site means you use a software and a wireless device to explore their network access points and security risks. proactive approaches Since wireless technology is insecure, companies or anyone can take a proactive approach to try to identify hackers trying to gain access to wireless networks. Honeypots? is not true network configuration to try to attract hackers. This enables managers to learn more about the type of use of techniques hackers to access. A product is Mantrap created by Symantec. ManTrap has the unique ability to detect both host and network attacks, resulting in the detection of hybrids in a single solution. No matter how an internal or external attacker tries to compromise the system, Symantec ManTrap bait containing detection sensors and response and to provide detailed information through data collection system modules. http://enterprisesecurity.symantec.com/products/products.cfm?ProductID=157 target = _new http://enterprisesecurity.symantec.com/products/products.cfm?ProductID = 157, intrusion detection? Intrusion Detection is software that monitors network traffic. It seems an alert if a hacker tries to access the network. This product is free of Snort. Before proceeding, there are some basic concepts, you must understand Snort. There are three ways that can be configured Snort: sniffer, packet logger, and network Intrusion Detection System. The Sniffer mode, only read the package outside the network and show them to you in a continuous stream in the console. In packet mode sign posts packages to the post. Network Intrusion Detection is the most complex and configurable parameters, so that Snort to analyze the network traffic for matches against a standard defined by the user to create and carry out various actions based on what he sees. http://www.snort.org/docs/writing_rules/chap1.html # tth_chAp1 target = _new http://www.snort.org/docs/writing_rules/chap1.html # tth_chAp1 monitoring network - Monitoring Network products would snort to monitor the flow of traffic on the network. Some tips and tricks <ul> <li> When networks and wireless access points there are simple steps can be taken immediately to ensure the network, but not make it safe. Some of these forms include: <li> Change the default SSID: each router or access point comes with a default SSID. In May of this evolution will take more time for an attacker to know what type of device you are trying to cut. <li> Change the default password? default password generic is granted access points and routers. Sometimes the password is admin. By changing the password, attacker can not change the configuration of the router as simple as that. <li> Disable SSID awareness: By default, the AP SSID broadcast, if this configuration disconnection is more difficult for foreigners to find the access point. <li> enable MAC filtering: Be careful, this can only work in small circles to a centralized roster of access need not be updated. You can allow only certain wireless cards to access the AP by the fact that only the MAC addresses. Turn off the <li> actions: If security is important, digitization of operations and closure of operations in the network can help. Also encrypt sensitive data can prevent hackers from accessing data. <li> Put your wireless access points in a hard to find and reach the ground. <li> keep drivers in all wireless equipment updated. This patch allows security problems exist. Read today <li> press releases on the new wireless news. </ ul> About the author Richard Johnson J + Certified Network Computer Consulting RJ http://rjcomputerconsulting.com target = _new http://rjcomputerconsulting.com Richard @ johnsorichard . com

A Look at Laser Toners

Laser toner is the ink for laser printers. It is a very fine synthetic powder (usually plastic) are packaged in a cartridge. You insert the tape to laser printer according to the manufacturer's instructions. When the printer to print a page, there are several stages: 1. The printer get a picture of your computer. 2. Lasere the image projected onto a drum electromagnetic. 3. Trommelen is charged positively and negatively, and at different levels of responsibility, according to the image. 4. Trommelen attracts four-color toner in the cartridge as charges are attracted by the colors. The four colors are mixed to create some millions of colors. 5. Trommelen deployment of the image on a page of the document, as through a furnace melt or burn the color of the page and the page is ejected. The process uses a large quantity of laser toner. Typically, a laser toner cartridge will lead to several thousand pages you need before being replaced. Trommelen, finally makes all the positive and negative charges that emits, and must be replaced every 10000? 30,000 pages. Some printers are made with cane sugar and battery replacement in mind, while other printers are designed to remove the cartridge and drum. Therefore, when the toner cartridge has expired, it is not necessary to replace the drum, and durable with it. This saves money. You can buy the laser printer toner manufacturer, a store, online or in a number of other types of retailers. To save money, you may want to buy in bulk. Three of the most popular brands of laser toner HP, Brother and Samsung. http://www.e-lasertoner.com toner report provides detailed information about later toner cartridges and spare parts, as well as examinations of laser toner products. Reports of laser toner is the sister site http://www.e-brochureprinting.com Brochure printing area.

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